Injuries to high school football athletes in California
Ramirez M, Schaffer KB, Shen H, Kashani S, Kraus JF
The American journal of sports medicine · 51 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- University or hospital
- Injury Prevention Research Center
Based on 2 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2006-02-21 · Am J Sports Med · vol. 34 · issue 7 · pp. 1147–1158
- Publisher
- SAGE Publishing
- Cited
- 76 citations · more than 95% of similar papers · 4.8× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 37 works
- Access
- Paywalled
- Research areas
- Sports injuries and prevention · Traumatic Brain Injury Research · Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- Athletes, Football, American football, College football, Psychology, Medical education, Physical therapy, Medicine, History, Archaeology
- MeSH
- humans, athletic injuries, cohort studies, schools, students, football, adolescent, california, male
5 authors
From US
- Marizen R Ramirez · correspondingUniversity of Southern California; Children's Hospital of Los Angeles; UCLA Health
- Kathryn Brown SchafferUCLA Health
- Haikang ShenUCLA Health
- Saman KashaniPeace Corps
- Jess F. KrausUCLA Health
Abstract
Background
Among all high school sports, football has the highest rate of injury. Prior research has been limited primarily because of challenges in surveillance, defining injuries, and measuring exposures.
Hypothesis
Football injury patterns differ across player and session characteristics.
Study design
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Methods
More than 5000 football players from 87 high schools in California were observed for 2 seasons (2001 and 2002). School representatives were trained to collect data on injuries, player characteristics, and daily exposures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and clustered Poisson regression.
Results
Players sustained 25.5 injuries per 100 players, 9.3 injuries per 10,000 player-hours, and 8.4 injuries per 100 session-hours. Session rates were highest during games, on artificial turf (13.8 of 100), during foggy weather (25.1 of 100), and on clear evenings (21 of 100). Offensive and defensive backfielders had about a 20% increased rate of injury compared with linemen. The adjusted injury rate for starters was 60% higher than the rate for nonstarters (relative rate, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-1.9).
Conclusion
Risk profiles differed by experience, playing position, and surface types. We recommend future sports injury research that measures time-dependent exposures at the individual level and for various types of environmental playing conditions.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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