Dietary nitrate and nitrite and the risk of thyroid cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study
Kilfoy BA, Zhang Y, Park Y, Holford TR, Schatzkin A, Hollenbeck A, Ward MH
International journal of cancer · 81 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Food frequency questionnaire
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Government
- National Institutes of Health
- Government
- U.S. Geological Survey
- Government
- National Cancer Institute
- Government
- Intramural NIH HHS
- Government
- NCI NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Cancer Institute (TU2-CA-105666); National Institutes of Health (Z99 CA999999)
Based on 6 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2010-09-08 · Int J Cancer · vol. 129 · issue 1 · pp. 160–172
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Cited
- 145 citations · more than 96% of similar papers · 6.0× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 47 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy) · PUBLIC-DOMAIN
- Research areas
- Nutritional Studies and Diet · Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment · Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- Nitrite, Nitrate, Medicine, Thyroid cancer, Dietary Nitrate, Cancer, Environmental health, Internal medicine, Physiology, Endocrinology, Biology
- MeSH
- humans, thyroid neoplasms, nitrates, nitrites, diet, risk factors, prospective studies, middle aged, diet records, female, male, surveys and questionnaires
7 authors
From US
- Briseis A. Kilfoy · correspondingNational Institutes of Health; Yale University; In-Q-Tel; National Cancer Institute; Department of Health and Human Services
- Yawei ZhangYale University
- Yikyung ParkNational Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute
- Theodore R. HolfordYale University
- Arthur G. SchatzkinNational Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute
- Albert R. HollenbeckAARP
Abstract
During the past several decades, an increasing incidence of thyroid cancer has been observed worldwide. Nitrate inhibits iodide uptake by the thyroid, potentially disrupting thyroid function. An increased risk of thyroid cancer associated with nitrate intake was recently reported in a cohort study of older women in Iowa. We evaluated dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and thyroid cancer risk overall and for subtypes in the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study, a large prospective cohort of 490,194 men and women, ages 50-71 years in 1995-1996. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 124-item food frequency questionnaire. During an average of 7 years of follow-up we identified 370 incident thyroid cancer cases (170 men, 200 women) with complete dietary information. Among men, increasing nitrate intake was positively associated with thyroid cancer risk (relative risk [RR] for the highest quintile versus lowest quintile RR = 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-4.041; p-trend <0.001); however, we observed no trend with intake among women (p-trend = 0.61). Nitrite intake was not associated with risk of thyroid cancer for either men or women. We evaluated risk for the two main types of thyroid cancer. We found positive associations for nitrate intake and both papillary (RR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.09-4.05; p-trend = 0.05) and follicular thyroid cancer (RR = 3.42; 95% CI: 1.03-11.4; p-trend = 0.01) among men. Nitrite intake was associated with increased risk of follicular thyroid cancer (RR = 2.74; 95%CI: 0.86-8.77; p-trend = 0.04) among men. Our results support a role of nitrate in thyroid cancer risk and suggest that further studies to investigate these exposures are warranted.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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