Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease
Kenjale AA, Ham KL, Stabler T, Robbins JL, Johnson JL, Vanbruggen M, Privette G, Yim E, Kraus WE, Allen JD
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 237 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Food provided by researchers
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- National Institute on Aging
- Government
- NIA NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Institute on Aging (AG0287)
Based on 2 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2011-04-01 · J Appl Physiol (1985) · vol. 110 · issue 6 · pp. 1582–1591
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Cited
- 318 citations · more than 100% of similar papers · 24.7× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 57 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy)
- Research areas
- Peripheral Artery Disease Management · Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies · Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- Claudication, Medicine, Crossover study, Blood pressure, Endothelial dysfunction, Internal medicine, Gastrocnemius muscle, Placebo, Cardiology, Anesthesia, Vascular disease, Skeletal muscle, Arterial disease, Pathology
- MeSH
- muscle, skeletal, humans, beta vulgaris, plant roots, intermittent claudication, nitrates, nitrites, nitric oxide, hemoglobins, oxyhemoglobins, spectroscopy, near-infrared, exercise test, treatment outcome, walking, analysis of variance, cross-over studies, oxygen consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, vasodilation, exercise tolerance, time factors, beverages, dietary supplements, aged, aged, 80 and over, middle aged, north carolina, female, male, ankle brachial index, peripheral arterial disease
10 authors
From US
- Aarti A. KenjaleDuke Medical Center
- Katherine L. HamDuke Medical Center
- Thomas StäblerDuke Medical Center
- Jennifer L. RobbinsDuke Medical Center
- Johanna L. JohnsonDuke Medical Center
- Mitch VanBruggenDuke Medical Center
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results in a failure to adequately supply blood and oxygen (O(2)) to working tissues and presents as claudication pain during walking. Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is essential for vascular health and function. Plasma nitrite (NO(2)(-)) is a marker of vascular NO production but may also be a protected circulating "source" that can be converted to NO during hypoxic conditions, possibly aiding perfusion. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation of inorganic nitrate in the form of beetroot (BR) juice would increase plasma NO(2)(-) concentration, increase exercise tolerance, and decrease gastrocnemius fractional O(2) extraction, compared with placebo (PL). This was a randomized, open-label, crossover study. At each visit, subjects (n = 8) underwent resting blood draws, followed by consumption of 500 ml BR or PL and subsequent blood draws prior to, during, and following a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test. Gastrocnemius oxygenation during the CPX was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. There were no changes from rest for [NO(2)(-)] (152 ± 72 nM) following PL. BR increased plasma [NO(2)(-)] after 3 h (943 ± 826 nM; P ≤ 0.01). Subjects walked 18% longer before the onset of claudication pain (183 ± 84 s vs. 215 ± 99 s; P ≤ 0.01) and had a 17% longer peak walking time (467 ± 223 s vs. 533 ± 233 s; P ≤ 0.05) following BR vs. PL. Gastrocnemius tissue fractional O(2) extraction was lower during exercise following BR (7.3 ± 6.2 vs. 10.4 ± 6.1 arbitrary units; P ≤ 0.01). Diastolic blood pressure was lower in the BR group at rest and during CPX testing (P ≤ 0.05). These findings support the hypothesis that NO(2)(-)-related NO signaling increases peripheral tissue oxygenation in areas of hypoxia and increases exercise tolerance in PAD.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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