Funded in part by Omron Healthcare
Local heating, but not indirect whole body heating, increases human skeletal muscle blood flow
Heinonen I, Brothers RM, Kemppainen J, Knuuti J, Kalliokoski KK, Crandall CG
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 142 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Controlled clinical trial (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Industry funded
- Company
- Omron Healthcare
- Government
- Academy of Finland
- University or hospital
- Turun Yliopisto
- Government
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Government
- NHLBI NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL61388); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-84072)
Based on 5 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2011-06-17 · J Appl Physiol (1985) · vol. 111 · issue 3 · pp. 818–824
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Cited
- 184 citations · more than 96% of similar papers · 5.2× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 34 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy)
- Research areas
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Infrared Thermography in Medicine · Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Keywords
- Blood flow, Skeletal muscle, Heat stress, Calf muscle, Chemistry, Anatomy, Medicine, Internal medicine, Animal science, Biology
- MeSH
- lower extremity, muscle, skeletal, bone and bones, skin, humans, heat stress disorders, positron-emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia, induced, analysis of variance, adaptation, physiological, up-regulation, body temperature regulation, skin temperature, regional blood flow, time factors, adult, male, hemodynamics, young adult
6 authors
From FI, US
- Ilkka HeinonenUniversity of Turku; Turku University Hospital; Turku PET Centre
- R. Matthew BrothersTexas Health Dallas; Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- Jukka KemppainenTurku PET Centre
- Juhani M. KnuutiTurku PET Centre
- Kari K. KalliokoskiTurku PET Centre
- Craig G. Crandall · correspondingTexas Health Dallas; Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Abstract
For decades it was believed that direct and indirect heating (the latter of which elevates blood and core temperatures without directly heating the area being evaluated) increases skin but not skeletal muscle blood flow. Recent results, however, suggest that passive heating of the leg may increase muscle blood flow. Using the technique of positron-emission tomography, the present study tested the hypothesis that both direct and indirect heating increases muscle blood flow. Calf muscle and skin blood flows were evaluated from eight subjects during normothermic baseline, during local heating of the right calf [only the right calf was exposed to the heating source (water-perfused suit)], and during indirect whole body heat stress in which the left calf was not exposed to the heating source. Local heating increased intramuscular temperature of the right calf from 33.4 ± 1.0°C to 37.4 ± 0.8°C, without changing intestinal temperature. This stimulus increased muscle blood flow from 1.4 ± 0.5 to 2.3 ± 1.2 ml·100 g⁻¹·min⁻¹ (P < 0.05), whereas skin blood flow under the heating source increased from 0.7 ± 0.3 to 5.5 ± 1.5 ml·100 g⁻¹·min⁻¹ (P < 0.01). While whole body heat stress increased intestinal temperature by ∼1°C, muscle blood flow in the calf that was not directly exposed to the water-perfused suit (i.e., indirect heating) did not increase during the whole body heat stress (normothermia: 1.6 ± 0.5 ml·100 g⁻¹·min⁻¹; heat stress: 1.7 ± 0.3 ml·100 g⁻¹·min⁻¹; P = 0.87). Whole body heating, however, reflexively increased calf skin blood flow (to 4.0 ± 1.5 ml·100 g⁻¹·min⁻¹) in the area not exposed to the water-perfused suit. These data show that local, but not indirect, heating increases calf skeletal muscle blood flow in humans. These results have important implications toward the reconsideration of previously accepted blood flow distribution during whole body heat stress.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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