Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS)
Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, Gu X, Choi JH, Kim DJ
PloS one · 534 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Cross-sectional study (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
Based on full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2013-02-27 · PLoS One · vol. 8 · issue 2 · p. e56936
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science
- Cited
- 1699 citations · more than 100% of similar papers · 108.7× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 12 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Impact of Technology on Adolescents · Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
- Keywords
- smartphone addiction, scale development, self-diagnosis, internet addiction, scale validation, reliability, factor structure, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, substance dependence
- MeSH
- humans, reproducibility of results, behavior, addictive, adolescent, adult, middle aged, female, male, young adult, self report, cell phone
9 authors
From KR
- Min KwonThe Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Catholic University of Korea
- Joon-Yeop LeeCatholic University of Korea
- Wang‐Youn WonSt. Paul's Hospital; Catholic University of Korea
- Jae‐Woo ParkCatholic University of Korea
- Jung‐Ah MinThe Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Catholic University of Korea
- Changtae HahnThe Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Catholic University of Korea
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to develop a self-diagnostic scale that could distinguish smartphone addicts based on the Korean self-diagnostic program for Internet addiction (K-scale) and the smartphone's own features. In addition, the reliability and validity of the smartphone addiction scale (SAS) was demonstrated.
Methods
A total of 197 participants were selected from Nov. 2011 to Jan. 2012 to accomplish a set of questionnaires, including SAS, K-scale, modified Kimberly Young Internet addiction test (Y-scale), visual analogue scale (VAS), and substance dependence and abuse diagnosis of DSM-IV. There were 64 males and 133 females, with ages ranging from 18 to 53 years (M = 26.06; SD = 5.96). Factor analysis, internal-consistency test, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation analysis were conducted to verify the reliability and validity of SAS.
Results
Based on the factor analysis results, the subscale "disturbance of reality testing" was removed, and six factors were left. The internal consistency and concurrent validity of SAS were verified (Cronbach's alpha = 0.967). SAS and its subscales were significantly correlated with K-scale and Y-scale. The VAS of each factor also showed a significant correlation with each subscale. In addition, differences were found in the job (p<0.05), education (p<0.05), and self-reported smartphone addiction scores (p<0.001) in SAS.
Conclusions
This study developed the first scale of the smartphone addiction aspect of the diagnostic manual. This scale was proven to be relatively reliable and valid.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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