Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) reverses β-amyloid1-42 induced toxicity in human neuronal cells: implications in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)
Kurapati KR, Atluri VS, Samikkannu T, Nair MP
PloS one · 73 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- In vitro/mechanistic study (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- Cells or lab samples
- Main outcome
- Mechanisms only
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Government
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Government
- NIMH NIH HHS
- Government
- NIDA NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (1R01-DA027049); National Institute on Drug Abuse (1R37DA025576); National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA021537); National Institute on Drug Abuse (R37DA025576); National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH085259); National Institute on Drug Abuse (5R01DA021537); National Institute of Mental Health (1R01MH085259); National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01-DA027049)
Based on 4 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2013-10-16 · PLoS One · vol. 8 · issue 10 · p. e77624
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science
- Cited
- 129 citations · more than 100% of similar papers · 28.3× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 75 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants · Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Keywords
- Withania somnifera, Neurocognitive, Toxicity, Neurotoxicity, Biology, Medicine, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Pathology, Internal medicine, Cognition
- MeSH
- neurons, dendrites, cell line, humans, withania, hiv infections, nervous system diseases, hydro-lyases, peptide fragments, ppar gamma, neuroprotective agents, plant extracts, chromatography, high pressure liquid, cell survival, mass spectrometry, amyloid beta-peptides
4 authors
From US
- Kesava Rao Venkata KurapatiFlorida International University
- Venkata Subba Rao AtluriFlorida International University
- Thangavel SamikkannuFlorida International University
- Madhavan Nair · correspondingFlorida International University
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive dysfunction of memory and higher cognitive functions with abnormal accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles throughout cortical and limbic brain regions. At present no curative treatment is available, and research focuses on drugs for slowing disease progression or providing prophylaxis. Withania somnifera (WS) also known as 'ashwagandha' is used widely in Ayurvedic medicine as a nerve tonic and memory enhancer. However, there is a paucity of data on the potential neuroprotective effects of W.somnifera against β-Amyloid (1-42)-induced neuropathogenesis. In the present study, we have tested the neuroprotective effects of methanol:Chloroform (3:1) extract of ashwagandha against β-amyloid induced toxicity and HIV-1Ba-L (clade B) infection using a human neuronal SK-N-MC cell line. Our results showed that β-amyloid induced cytotoxic effects in SK-N-MC cells as shown by decreased cell growth when tested individually. Also, confocal microscopic analysis showed decreased spine density, loss of spines and decreased dendrite diameter, total dendrite and spine area in clade B infected SK-N-MC cells compared to uninfected cells. However, when ashwagandha was added to β-amyloid treated and HIV-1 infected samples, the toxic effects were neutralized. Further, the MTT cell viability assays and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) levels supported these observations indicating the neuroprotective effect of WS root extract against β-amyloid and HIV-1Ba-L (clade B) induced neuro-pathogenesis.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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