Dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and risk of colorectal cancer in the Shanghai Women's Health Study
Dellavalle CT, Xiao Q, Yang G, Shu XO, Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Zheng W, Zheng W, Lan Li H, Ji BT, Rothman N, Chow WH, Gao YT, Ward MH
International journal of cancer · 76 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Food frequency questionnaire
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- National Institutes of Health
- Government
- National Cancer Institute
- Government
- NCI NIH HHS
- Government
- Intramural NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Cancer Institute (N02-CP-11010-66); National Cancer Institute (UM1 CA182910); National Cancer Institute (R37-CA070867); National Institutes of Health (N02 CP1101066); National Cancer Institute (R37-CA70867); National Institutes of Health (Z01 CP010153); National Institutes of Health (R37CA70867)
Based on 4 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2013-11-15 · Int J Cancer · vol. 134 · issue 12 · pp. 2917–2926
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Cited
- 126 citations · more than 98% of similar papers · 9.4× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 53 works
- Access
- Free to read
- Research areas
- Nutritional Studies and Diet · Sodium Intake and Health · Sulfur Compounds in Biology
- Keywords
- Medicine, Hazard ratio, Colorectal cancer, Nitrite, Nitrate, Proportional hazards model, Vitamin, Internal medicine, Vitamin C, Cancer, Physiology, Prospective cohort study, Lower risk, Confidence interval, Gastroenterology, Biology
- MeSH
- humans, colorectal neoplasms, cell transformation, neoplastic, nitrates, nitrites, ascorbic acid, nitroso compounds, diet, risk, prospective studies, feeding behavior, meat, adult, aged, middle aged, women's health, china, female, surveys and questionnaires
12 authors
From US, CN
- Curt T. DellaValleNational Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute
- Qian Xun XiaoNational Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute
- Gong YangVanderbilt University
- Xiao‐Ou ShuVanderbilt University
- Briseis Aschebrook‐KilfoyUniversity of Chicago
- Wei ZhengVanderbilt University
Abstract
Nitrate and nitrite are precursors of endogenously formed N-nitroso compounds (NOC), known animal carcinogens. Nitrosation reactions forming NOCs can be inhibited by vitamin C and other antioxidants. We prospectively investigated the association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and risk of colorectal cancer in the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a cohort of 73,118 women ages 40-70 residing in Shanghai. We evaluated effect modification by factors that affect endogenous formation of NOCs: vitamin C (at or above/below median) and red meat intake (at or above/below median). Nitrate, nitrite and other dietary intakes were estimated from a 77-item food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline. Over a mean of 11 years of follow-up, we identified 619 colorectal cancer cases (n = 383, colon; n = 236, rectum). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. Overall, nitrate intake was not associated with colorectal cancer risk (HR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.73-1.59). However, among women with vitamin C intake below the median (83.9 mg day(-1) ) and hence higher potential exposure to NOCs, risk of colorectal cancer increased with increasing quintiles of nitrate intake (highest vs. lowest quintile HR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.15-5.18; p trend = 0.02). There was no association among women with higher vitamin C intake. We found no association between nitrite intake and risk of colorectal cancer overall or by intake level of vitamin C. Our findings suggest that high dietary nitrate intake among subgroups expected to have higher exposure to endogenously formed NOCs increases risk of colorectal cancer.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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