Comparison of the effects of electrical stimulation and cold-water immersion on muscle soreness after resistance exercise
Jajtner AR, Hoffman JR, Gonzalez AM, Worts PR, Fragala MS, Stout JR
Journal of sport rehabilitation · 21 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2014-03-12 · J Sport Rehabil · vol. 24 · issue 2 · pp. 99–108
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Cited
- 37 citations · more than 92% of similar papers · 3.4× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 28 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy)
- Research areas
- Exercise and Physiological Responses · Cardiovascular and exercise physiology · Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- Squat, Medicine, Context (archaeology), Resistance training, Stimulation, Physical therapy, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Internal medicine
- MeSH
- humans, water, immersion, electric stimulation, recovery of function, adult, male, cold temperature, resistance training, young adult, myalgia, outcome assessment, health care
6 authors
From US
- Adam R. JajtnerUniversity of Central Florida
- Jay R. Hoffman
- Adam M. Gonzalez
- Phillip R. Worts
- Maren Susan Fragala
- Jeffrey R. Stout
Abstract
Context
Resistance training is a common form of exercise for competitive and recreational athletes. Enhancing recovery from resistance training may improve the muscle-remodeling processes, stimulating a faster return to peak performance.
Objective
To examine the effects of 2 different recovery modalities, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and cold-water immersion (CWI), on performance and biochemical and ultrasonographic measures.
Participants
Thirty resistance-trained men (23.1 ± 2.9 y, 175.2 ± 7.1 cm, 82.1 ± 8.4 kg) were randomly assigned to NMES, CWI, or control (CON).
Design and setting
All participants completed a high-volume lower-body resistance-training workout on d 1 and returned to the human performance laboratory 24 (24H) and 48 h (48 H) postexercise for follow-up testing.
Measures
Blood samples were obtained preexercise (PRE) and immediately (IP), 30 min (30 P), 24 h (24H), and 48 h (48 H) post. Subjects were examined for performance changes in the squat exercise (total repetitions and average power per repetition), biomarkers of inflammation, and changes in cross-sectional area and echo intensity (EI) of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis muscles.
Results
No differences between groups were observed in the number of repetitions (P = .250; power: P = .663). Inferential-based analysis indicated that increases in C-reactive protein concentrations were likely increased by a greater magnitude after CWI compared with CON, while NMES possibly decreased more than CON from IP to 24H. Increases in interleukin-10 concentrations between IP and 30 P were likely greater in CWI than NMES but not different from CON. Inferential-based analysis of RF EI indicated a likely decrease for CWI between IP and 48 H. No other differences between groups were noted in any other muscle-architecture measures.
Conclusions
Results indicated that CWI induced greater increases in pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, while decreasing RF EI, suggesting that CWI may be effective in enhancing short-term muscle recovery after high-volume bouts of resistance exercise.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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