Influence of pistachios on performance and exercise-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, and metabolite shifts in cyclists: a randomized, crossover trial
Nieman DC, Scherr J, Luo B, Meaney MP, Dréau D, Sha W, Dew DA, Henson DA, Pappan KL
PloS one · 52 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Food provided by researchers
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Industry funded
Based on full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2014-11-19 · PLoS One · vol. 9 · issue 11 · p. e113725
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science
- Cited
- 67 citations · more than 94% of similar papers · 4.2× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 37 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Exercise and Physiological Responses · Nuts composition and effects · Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- Crossover study, Raffinose, Oxidative stress, Chemistry, Metabolite, Time trial, Internal medicine, Ingestion, Endocrinology, Food science, Medicine, Animal science, Sucrose, Biology, Blood pressure, Placebo
- MeSH
- intestinal mucosa, granulocytes, mitochondria, humans, pistacia, inflammation, sucrose, raffinose, f2-isoprostanes, c-reactive protein, exotoxins, cytokines, cross-over studies, phagocytosis, oxidative stress, permeability, bicycling, dietary supplements, adult, middle aged, male, physical exertion, metabolomics, athletes
9 authors
From US, DE, CN
- David Christopher Nieman · correspondingAppalachian State University
- Johannes ScherrTUM Klinikum
- Beibei LuoSecond Military Medical University
- Mary Pat MeaneyAppalachian State University
- Didier Dréau
- Wei ShaUniversity of North Carolina at Charlotte
Abstract
Objectives
Pistachio nut ingestion (3 oz./d, two weeks) was tested for effects on exercise performance and 21-h post-exercise recovery from inflammation, oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, and metabolite shifts.
Methods
Using a randomized, crossover approach, cyclists (N = 19) engaged in two 75-km time trials after 2-weeks pistachio or no pistachio supplementation, with a 2-week washout period. Subjects came to the lab in an overnight fasted state, and ingested water only or 3 oz. pistachios with water before and during exercise. Blood samples were collected 45 min pre-exercise, and immediately post-, 1.5-h post-, and 21-h post-exercise, and analyzed for plasma cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoP), granulocyte phagocytosis (GPHAG) and oxidative burst activity (GOBA), and shifts in metabolites.
Results
Performance time for the 75-km time trial was 4.8% slower under pistachio conditions (2.84 ± 0.11 and 2.71 ± 0.07 h, respectively, P = 0.034). Significant time effects were shown for plasma cytokines, CRP, F2-IsoP, GPHAG, and GOBA, with few group differences. Metabolomics analysis revealed 423 detectable compounds of known identity, with significant interaction effects for 19 metabolites, especially raffinose, (12Z)-9,10-Dihydroxyoctadec-12-enoate (9,10-DiHOME), and sucrose. Dietary intake of raffinose was 2.19 ± 0.15 and 0.35 ± 0.08 mg/d during the pistachio and no pistachio periods, and metabolomics revealed that colon raffinose and sucrose translocated to the circulation during exercise due to increased gut permeability. The post-exercise increase in plasma raffinose correlated significantly with 9,10-DiHOME and other oxidative stress metabolites.
Conclusions
In summary, 2-weeks pistachio nut ingestion was associated with reduced 75-km cycling time trial performance and increased post-exercise plasma levels of raffinose, sucrose, and metabolites related to leukotoxic effects and oxidative stress.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01821820.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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