Funded in part by Almond Board of California
Effect of mastication on lipid bioaccessibility of almonds in a randomized human study and its implications for digestion kinetics, metabolizable energy, and postprandial lipemia
Grundy MM, Grassby T, Mandalari G, Waldron KW, Butterworth PJ, Berry SE, Ellis PR
The American journal of clinical nutrition · 86 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- No health outcome
- Intake measured by
- Food provided by researchers
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Industry funded
- Industry group
- Almond Board of California
- University or hospital
- King’s College London
- University or hospital
- King's College London
- University or hospital
- Institute of Food Research
- University or hospital
- Università degli Studi di Messina
- Government
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Government
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Grants
- Institute of Food Research (BB/H004866/1); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/F/00044476); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/H004866/1); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (H004866/H004866/1); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (1060666); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/H004874/1); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/H004866/1); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/H004874/1)
Based on 7 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2014-11-13 · Am J Clin Nutr · vol. 101 · issue 1 · pp. 25–33
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Cited
- 136 citations · more than 98% of similar papers · 6.7× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 47 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Nuts composition and effects · Nutrition and Health in Aging · Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- Postprandial, Mastication, Digestion (alchemy), Chemistry, Food science, Kinetics, Chromatography, Medicine, Dentistry, Internal medicine
- MeSH
- humans, prunus, nuts, dietary fats, cross-over studies, single-blind method, energy metabolism, digestion, intestinal absorption, mastication, postprandial period, particle size, models, biological, food handling, adult, female, male, hyperlipidemias, young adult, functional food
7 authors
From IT, GB
- Myriam M.-L. GrundyUniversity of Messina; King's College London; Norwich Research Park; Quadram Institute
- Terri GrassbyUniversity of Messina; King's College London; Norwich Research Park; Quadram Institute
- Giuseppina MandalariUniversity of Messina; King's College London; Norwich Research Park; Quadram Institute
- Keith W. WaldronUniversity of Messina; King's College London; Norwich Research Park; Quadram Institute
- Peter ButterworthUniversity of Messina; King's College London; Norwich Research Park; Quadram Institute
- Sarah E. BerryUniversity of Messina; King's College London; Norwich Research Park; Quadram Institute
Abstract
Background
The particle size and structure of masticated almonds have a significant impact on nutrient release (bioaccessibility) and digestion kinetics.
Objectives
The goals of this study were to quantify the effects of mastication on the bioaccessibility of intracellular lipid of almond tissue and examine microstructural characteristics of masticated almonds.
Design
In a randomized, subject-blind, crossover trial, 17 healthy subjects chewed natural almonds (NAs) or roasted almonds (RAs) in 4 separate mastication sessions. Particle size distributions (PSDs) of the expectorated boluses were measured by using mechanical sieving and laser diffraction (primary outcome). The microstructure of masticated almonds, including the structural integrity of the cell walls (i.e., dietary fiber), was examined with microscopy. Lipid bioaccessibility was predicted by using a theoretical model, based on almond particle size and cell dimensions, and then compared with empirically derived release data.
Results
Intersubject variations (n = 15; 2 subjects withdrew) in PSDs of both NA and RA samples were small (e.g., laser diffraction; CV: 12% and 9%, respectively). Significant differences in PSDs were found between these 2 almond forms (P 500 μm) in masticated almonds. Microstructural examination of the almonds indicated that most intracellular lipid remained undisturbed in intact cells after mastication. No adverse events were recorded.
Conclusions
Following mastication, most of the almond cells remained intact with lipid encapsulated by cell walls. Thus, most of the lipid in masticated almonds is not immediately bioaccessible and remains unavailable for early stages of digestion. The lipid encapsulation mechanism provides a convincing explanation for why almonds have a low metabolizable energy content and an attenuated impact on postprandial lipemia.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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