Caffeine and caffeinated beverage consumption and risk of spontaneous abortion
Hahn KA, Wise LA, Rothman KJ, Mikkelsen EM, Brogly SB, Sørensen HT, Riis AH, Hatch EE
Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 22 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Government
- NICHD NIH HHS
- Grants
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD052458); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21-HD050264)
Based on 2 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2015-03-18 · Hum Reprod · vol. 30 · issue 5 · pp. 1246–1255
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Cited
- 44 citations · more than 96% of similar papers · 6.1× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 52 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy)
- Research areas
- Coffee research and impacts · Gestational Diabetes Research and Management · Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- Caffeine, Abortion, Consumption (sociology), Medicine, Obstetrics, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Biology
- MeSH
- humans, abortion, spontaneous, caffeine, incidence, proportional hazards models, risk factors, prospective studies, fertilization, beverages, adolescent, adult, denmark, female, young adult, surveys and questionnaires
8 authors
From US, DK
- Kristen A. Hahn · correspondingBoston University
- Lauren Anne WiseBoston University
- Kenneth Jay RothmanBoston University; RTI Health Solutions
- Ellen Margrethe MikkelsenAarhus University Hospital
- Susan B. BroglyBoston University
- Henrik Toft SørensenBoston University; Aarhus University Hospital
Abstract
Study question
Is caffeine and caffeinated beverage consumption associated with the risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB)?
Summary answer
While preconceptional caffeine consumption was not materially associated with an increased risk of SAB, consumption during early pregnancy was associated with a small increased risk of SAB, although the relation was not linear.
What is known already
Caffeine has been hypothesized as a risk factor for SAB since the 1980s; however, results from previous studies have been conflicting.
Study design, size, duration
This prospective cohort study included 5132 Danish women planning pregnancy and enrolled from 2007 to 2010.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Participants were women who conceived after entry into the Snart-Gravid cohort and who were aged 18-40, in a stable relationship with a male partner, and did not use fertility treatments to conceive. Women reported their daily caffeine and caffeinated beverage consumption on questionnaires before conception and during early pregnancy. All exposure measurements were prospective with respect to outcome ascertainment. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of SAB for categories of caffeine consumption in milligrams (mg) per day and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox proportional hazards regression models with gestational weeks as the time scale.
Main results and the role of chance
There were 732 women (14.3%) who were identified as having a SAB. In the preconceptional period, caffeine consumption was not materially associated with SAB risk (HR comparing ≥300 with <100 mg/day: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.33). In early pregnancy, the HRs for 100-199, 200-299 and ≥300 mg/day of caffeine consumption were 1.62 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.22), 1.48 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.13) and 1.23 (95% CI: 0.61, 2.46), respectively, compared with that for <100 mg/day.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The observed results may be affected by non-differential exposure misclassification, reverse causation and residual confounding.
Wider implications of the findings
This is the largest study to date of prospectively measured, preconception caffeine consumption and risk of SAB. We were able to reduce the likelihood of differential left truncation bias and recall bias present in other analyses.
Study funding/competing interests
Snart-Gravid was funded by the NICHD (R21-050264). Dr. Hahn's work was funded in part by the BU Reproductive, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Training Grant NIH #T32HD052458. There are no competing interests.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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