Effects of unfermented and fermented whole grain rye crisp breads served as part of a standardized breakfast, on appetite and postprandial glucose and insulin responses: a randomized cross-over trial
Johansson DP, Lee I, Risérus U, Langton M, Landberg R
PloS one · 35 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Food provided by researchers
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Industry funded
- Authors
- At least one author declares a financial tie to industry
Based on full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2015-03-31 · PLoS One · vol. 10 · issue 3 · p. e0122241
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science
- Cited
- 48 citations · more than 93% of similar papers · 3.7× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 69 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Food composition and properties · Food Science and Nutritional Studies · Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- Postprandial, Insulin, Food science, Appetite, Whole grains, Ingestion, Medicine, Chemistry, Internal medicine
- MeSH
- humans, insulin, blood glucose, cross-over studies, fermentation, postprandial period, adult, aged, middle aged, female, male, healthy volunteers, secale
5 authors
From SE
- Daniel P. Johansson · correspondingSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences
- Isabella LeeSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences
- Ulf RisérusUppsala University
- Maud LangtonSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences
- Rikard LandbergKarolinska Institutet; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Abstract
Background
Whole grain rye products have been shown to increase satiety and elicit lower postprandial insulin response without a corresponding change in glucose response compared with soft refined wheat bread. The underlying mechanisms for these effects have not been fully determined The primary aim of the study was to investigate if whole grain rye crisp bread compared to refined wheat crisp bread, elected beneficial effects on appetite and postprandial insulin response, similarly as for other rye products.
Methods
In a randomized cross-over trial, 23 healthy volunteers, aged 27-70 years, BMI 18-31.4 kg/m2, were served a standardized breakfast with unfermented whole grain rye crisp bread (uRCB), fermented whole grain rye crisp bread (RCB) or refined wheat crisp bread (WCB), Appetite was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) until 4 h after breakfast. Postprandial glucose and insulin were measured at 0-230 min. Breads were chemically characterized including macronutrients, energy, dietary fiber components, and amino acid composition, and microstructure was characterized with light microscopy.
Results
Reported fullness was 16% higher (P<0.001), and hunger 11% and 12% lower (P<0.05) after ingestion of uRCB and RCB, respectively, compared with WCB. Postprandial glucose response did not differ significantly between treatments. Postprandial insulin was 10% lower (P<0.007) between 0-120 min but not significantly lower between 0-230 min for RCB compared with WCB. uRCB induced 13% (P<0.002) and 17% (P<0.001) lower postprandial insulin response between 0-230 min compared with RCB and WCB respectively.
Conclusion
Whole grain rye crisp bread induces higher satiety and lower insulin response compared with refined wheat crisp bread. Microstructural characteristics, dietary fiber content and composition are probable contributors to the increased satiety after ingestion of rye crisp breads. Higher insulin secretion after ingestion of RCB and WCB compared with uRCB may be due to differences in fiber content and composition, and higher availability of insulinogenic branched chain amino acids.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02011217.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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