Nut consumption and risk of cancer and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wu L, Wang Z, Zhu J, Murad AL, Prokop LJ, Murad MH
Nutrition reviews · 81 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- University or hospital
- Mayo Clinic
- University or hospital
- Universiteit Utrecht
- University or hospital
- Karolinska Institutet
- Government
- National Institutes of Health
- Government
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Government
- NCATS NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1-TR000135)
Based on 6 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2015-06-05 · Nutr Rev · vol. 73 · issue 7 · pp. 409–425
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Cited
- 115 citations · more than 92% of similar papers · 3.1× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 88 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Nuts composition and effects · Oral Health Pathology and Treatment · Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- Meta-analysis, Type 2 diabetes, Medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Consumption (sociology), Cancer, Environmental health, Oncology, Intensive care medicine, Internal medicine, Risk analysis (engineering), Endocrinology
- MeSH
- humans, nuts, neoplasms, colorectal neoplasms, pancreatic neoplasms, endometrial neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, type 2, diet, incidence, risk factors, female, male
6 authors
From US
- Lang WuMayo Clinic in Arizona; Mayo Clinic in Florida
- Zhen WangMayo Clinic in Arizona; Mayo Clinic in Florida
- Jingjing ZhuMayo Clinic in Arizona; Mayo Clinic in Florida
- Angela L. MuradMayo Clinic in Arizona; Mayo Clinic in Florida
- Larry J. ProkopMayo Clinic in Arizona; Mayo Clinic in Florida
- Mohammad Hassan MuradMayo Clinic in Arizona; Mayo Clinic in Florida
Abstract
Context
The identification of foods that can decrease the risk of cancer and type 2 diabetes may be helpful in reducing the burden of these diseases. Although nut consumption has been suggested to have a disease-preventive role, current evidence remains inconsistent.
Objective
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to clarify the association between nut consumption and risk of cancer or type 2 diabetes.
Data sources
Six databases were searched for relevant studies from the time of database inception to August 2014. Reference lists of relevant review articles were hand searched, and authors were contacted when data were insufficient.
Study selection
Eligible studies included epidemiological studies (case-control and cohort) or clinical trials that reported an association between nut consumption and the outcome of type 2 diabetes or specific cancers.
Data extraction
Two investigators independently extracted descriptive, quality, and risk data from included studies.
Data synthesis
Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool relative risks from the included studies. The I(2) statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. A total of 36 eligible observational studies, which included 30,708 patients, were identified. The studies had fair methodological quality, and length of follow-up ranged between 4.6 years and 30 years. Comparison of the highest category of nut consumption with the lowest category revealed significant associations between nut consumption and decreased risk of colorectal cancer (3 studies each with separate estimates for males and females, RR 0.76, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.61-0.96), endometrial cancer (2 studies, RR 0.58, 95%CI 0.43-0.79), and pancreatic cancer (1 study, RR 0.68, 95%CI 0.48-0.96). No significant association was found with other cancers or type 2 diabetes. Overall, nut consumption was significantly associated with a reduced risk of cancer incidence (RR 0.85, 95%CI 0.76-0.95).
Conclusions
Nut consumption may play a role in reducing cancer risk. Additional studies are needed to more accurately assess the relationship between nut consumption and the prevention of individual types of cancer, given the scarcity of available data.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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