Post-exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long-term adaptations in muscle to strength training
Roberts LA, Raastad T, Markworth JF, Figueiredo VC, Egner IM, Shield A, Cameron-Smith D, Coombes JS, Peake JM
The Journal of physiology · 138 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Nonprofit
- American College of Sports Medicine
Based on 1 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2015-07-14 · J Physiol · vol. 593 · issue 18 · pp. 4285–4301
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Cited
- 213 citations · more than 100% of similar papers · 18.1× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 45 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy)
- Research areas
- Exercise and Physiological Responses · Adipose Tissue and Metabolism · Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- Strength training, Skeletal muscle, Muscle hypertrophy, Medicine, Anabolism, Muscle strength, Physical therapy, Internal medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation
- MeSH
- muscle, skeletal, humans, hypertrophy, water, exercise, adaptation, physiological, recovery of function, signal transduction, metabolism, adult, male, muscle strength, cold temperature, resistance training, young adult
9 authors
From AU, NO, NZ
- Llion Arwyn RobertsThe University of Queensland; Queensland Academy of Sport
- Truls RaastadNorwegian School of Sport Sciences
- James F. MarkworthUniversity of Auckland
- Vandré C. FigueiredoUniversity of Auckland
- Ingrid Marie EgnerUniversity of Oslo
- ANTHONY J. SHIELDQueensland University of Technology
Abstract
We investigated functional, morphological and molecular adaptations to strength training exercise and cold water immersion (CWI) through two separate studies. In one study, 21 physically active men strength trained for 12 weeks (2 days per week), with either 10 min of CWI or active recovery (ACT) after each training session. Strength and muscle mass increased more in the ACT group than in the CWI group (P < 0.05). Isokinetic work (19%), type II muscle fibre cross-sectional area (17%) and the number of myonuclei per fibre (26%) increased in the ACT group (all P < 0.05), but not the CWI group. In another study, nine active men performed a bout of single-leg strength exercises on separate days, followed by CWI or ACT. Muscle biopsies were collected before and 2, 24 and 48 h after exercise. The number of satellite cells expressing neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) (10-30%) and paired box protein (Pax7) (20-50%) increased 24-48 h after exercise with ACT. The number of NCAM(+) satellite cells increased 48 h after exercise with CWI. NCAM(+) - and Pax7(+) -positive satellite cell numbers were greater after ACT than after CWI (P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase(Thr421/Ser424) increased after exercise in both conditions but was greater after ACT (P < 0.05). These data suggest that CWI attenuates the acute changes in satellite cell numbers and activity of kinases that regulate muscle hypertrophy, which may translate to smaller long-term training gains in muscle strength and hypertrophy. The use of CWI as a regular post-exercise recovery strategy should be reconsidered.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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