Coffee and caffeine consumption and depression: A meta-analysis of observational studies
Wang L, Shen X, Wu Y, Zhang D
The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 128 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2015-09-02 · Aust N Z J Psychiatry · vol. 50 · issue 3 · pp. 228–242
- Publisher
- SAGE Publishing
- Cited
- 179 citations · more than 82% of similar papers · 1.6× the field average
- References
- 35 works
- Access
- Paywalled
- Research areas
- Coffee research and impacts · Smoking Behavior and Cessation · Tea Polyphenols and Effects
- Keywords
- Confidence interval, Caffeine, Depression (economics), Relative risk, Medicine, Meta-analysis, Cohort study, Observational study, Internal medicine, Demography
- MeSH
- humans, caffeine, depression, dose-response relationship, drug, coffee, observational studies as topic
4 authors
From CN
- Longfei WangQingdao University
- Xiaoli ShenQingdao University
- Yili WuQingdao University
- Dongfeng Zhang · correspondingQingdao University
Abstract
Objective
The results from observation studies on the relationship between coffee intake and risk of depression and the relationship between caffeine consumption and depression remain controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis with a dose-response analysis to quantitatively summarize the evidence about the association between coffee and caffeine intakes and risk of depression.
Method
Relevant articles were identified by researching PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WANFANG DATA in English or Chinese from 1 January 1980 to 1 May 2015. Case-control, cohort or cross-sectional studies evaluating coffee or caffeine consumption and depression were included. A random-effects model was used to combine study-specific relative risk and 95% confidence interval. Dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline functions.
Results
Data were obtained from 11 observation articles; 330,677 participants from seven studies in seven articles were included in the coffee-depression analysis, while 38,223 participants from eight studies in seven articles were involved in the caffeine-depression analysis. Compared with the lowest level consumption, the pooled relative risk (95% confidence interval) for coffee-depression and caffeine-depression was 0.757 [0.624, 0.917] and 0.721 [0.522, 0.997], respectively. For dose-response analysis, evidence of a linear association was found between coffee consumption and depression, and the risk of depression decreased by 8% (relative risk = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = [0.87, 0.97], p = 0.002) for each cup/day increment in coffee intake; a nonlinear association was found between caffeine consumption and depression, the risk of depression decreased faster and the association became significant when the caffeine consumption was above 68 mg/day and below 509 mg/day.
Conclusions
Coffee and caffeine consumption were significantly associated with decreased risk of depression.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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