Funded in part by California Walnut Commission
Walnut ingestion in adults at risk for diabetes: effects on body composition, diet quality, and cardiac risk measures
Njike VY, Ayettey R, Petraro P, Treu JA, Katz DL
BMJ open diabetes research & care · 62 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Industry funded
- Industry group
- California Walnut Commission
- Government
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
- Government
- NCCDPHP CDC HHS
- Grants
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U48 DP001945)
Based on 3 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2015-10-01 · BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care · vol. 3 · issue 1 · p. e000115
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Cited
- 82 citations · more than 95% of similar papers · 4.7× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 36 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY-NC
- Research areas
- Nuts composition and effects · Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies · Peanut Plant Research Studies
- Keywords
- Medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Ingestion, Environmental health, Internal medicine, Endocrinology
5 authors
From US
- Valentine Yanchou NjikeYale University; Griffin Hospital; Yale Griffin Prevention Research Center
- Rockiy G. AyetteyYale University; Griffin Hospital; Yale Griffin Prevention Research Center
- Paul PetraroGriffin Hospital
- Judith A. TreuYale University; Griffin Hospital; Yale Griffin Prevention Research Center
- David L. Katz · correspondingYale University; Griffin Hospital; Yale Griffin Prevention Research Center
Abstract
Background
Despite their energy density, walnuts can be included in the diet without adverse effects on weight or body composition. The effect of habitual walnut intake on total calorie intake is not well studied. Effects on overall diet quality have not been reported.
Methods
Randomized, controlled, modified Latin square parallel design study with 2 treatment arms. The 112 participants were randomly assigned to a diet with or without dietary counseling to adjust calorie intake. Within each treatment arm, participants were further randomized to 1 of the 2 possible sequence permutations to receive a walnut-included diet with 56 g (providing 366 kcal) of walnuts per day and a walnut-excluded diet. Participants were assessed for diet quality, body composition, and cardiac risk measures.
Results
When compared with a walnut-excluded diet, a walnut-included diet for 6 months, with or without dietary counseling to adjust caloric intake, significantly improved diet quality as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (9.14±17.71 vs 0.40±15.13; p=0.02 and 7.02±15.89 vs -5.92±21.84; p=0.001, respectively). Endothelial function, total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol improved significantly from baseline in the walnut-included diet. Body mass index, percent body fat, visceral fat, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and blood pressure did not change significantly.
Conclusions
The inclusion of walnuts in an ad libitum diet for 6 months, with or without dietary counseling to adjust calorie intake, significantly improved diet quality, endothelial function, total and LDL cholesterol, but had no effects on anthropometric measures, blood glucose level, and blood pressure.
Trial registration number
NCT02330848.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY-NC).
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