Funded in part by General Mills
Consumption of whole grains and cereal fiber in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review of longitudinal studies
Makarem N, Nicholson JM, Bandera EV, McKeown NM, Parekh N
Nutrition reviews · 34 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Systematic review (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Industry funded
- Nonprofit
- American Cancer Society
- Company
- General Mills
- Grants
- American Cancer Society (RSG-12-005-01-CNE)
Based on 2 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2016-05-05 · Nutr Rev · vol. 74 · issue 6 · pp. 353–373
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Cited
- 51 citations · more than 77% of similar papers · 1.3× the field average
- References
- 74 works
- Access
- Free to read
- Research areas
- Food composition and properties · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Keywords
- Medicine, Confounding, Whole grains, Context (archaeology), Relative risk, Longitudinal study, Meta-analysis, Environmental health, Cohort study, Demography, Internal medicine, Food science, Biology, Confidence interval, Pathology
- MeSH
- humans, neoplasms, diet, risk, longitudinal studies, dietary fiber, north america, europe, edible grain
5 authors
From US
- Nour MakaremRutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Tufts University; New York University
- Joey NicholsonRutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Tufts University; New York University
- Elisa Victoria BanderaRutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Tufts University; New York University
- Nicola Mary McKeownRutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Tufts University; New York University
- Niyati ParekhRutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Tufts University; New York University
Abstract
Context
Evidence from previous reviews is supportive of the hypothesis that whole grains may protect against various cancers. However, the reviews did not report risk estimates for both whole grains and cereal fiber and only case-control studies were evaluated. It is unclear whether longitudinal studies support this conclusion.
Objective
To evaluate associations between whole grains and cereal fiber in relation to risk of lifestyle-related cancers data from longitudinal studies was evaluated.
Data sources
The following 3 databases were systematically searched: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL.
Study selection
A total of 43 longitudinal studies conducted in Europe and North America that reported multivariable-adjusted risk estimates for whole grains (n = 14), cereal fiber (n = 23), or both (n = 6) in relation to lifestyle-related cancers were included.
Data extraction
Information on study location, cohort name, follow-up duration, sample characteristics, dietary assessment method, risk estimates, and confounders was extracted.
Data synthesis
Of 20 studies examining whole grains and cancer, 6 studies reported a statistically significant 6%-47% reduction in risk, but 14 studies showed no association. Of 29 studies examining cereal fiber intake in relation to cancer, 8 showed a statistically significant 6%-49% reduction in risk, whereas 21 studies reported no association.
Conclusions
This systematic review concludes that most studies were suggestive of a null association. Whole grains and cereal fiber may protect against gastrointestinal cancers, but these findings require confirmation in additional studies.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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