Whole Grain Intake and Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Zong G, Gao A, Hu FB, Sun Q
Circulation · 142 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- National Institutes of Health
- Government
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Government
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- Government
- NHLBI NIH HHS
- Government
- NIEHS NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES022981); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R00 HL098459); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01 ES021372)
Based on 5 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2016-06-13 · Circulation · vol. 133 · issue 24 · pp. 2370–2380
- Publisher
- Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Cited
- 213 citations · more than 100% of similar papers · 19.3× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 53 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy)
- Research areas
- Food composition and properties · Celiac Disease Research and Management · Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- Medicine, Relative risk, Confidence interval, Meta-analysis, Cancer, Internal medicine, Cohort study, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Prospective cohort study, Population, Environmental health
- MeSH
- humans, neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, diet, cohort studies, prospective studies, whole grains
4 authors
From US
- Geng ZongBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
- Alisa GaoBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
- Frank B. HuBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
- Qi SunBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
Abstract
Background
Current findings on associations between whole grain (WG) intake and mortality are inconsistent and have not been summarized by meta-analysis.
Methods and results
We searched for prospective cohort studies reporting associations between WG intake and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer through February 2016 in Medline, Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov, and we further included unpublished results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 1999 to 2004. Fourteen studies were eligible for analysis, which included 786 076 participants, 97 867 total deaths, 23 957 CVD deaths, and 37 492 cancer deaths. Pooled relative risks comparing extreme WG categories (high versus low) were 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-0.88; P0.05). For each 16-g/d increase in WG (≈1 serving per d), relative risks of total, CVD, and cancer mortality were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.92-0.94; P<0.001), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.90-0.93; P<0.001), and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.94-0.96; P<0.001), respectively.
Conclusions
Our meta-analysis demonstrated inverse associations of WG intake with total and cause-specific mortality, and findings were particularly strong and robust for CVD mortality. These findings further support current Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which recommends at least 3 servings per day of WG intake.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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