Optimizing Cold-Water Immersion for Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia: An Evidence-Based Paper
Nye EA, Edler JR, Eberman LE, Games KE
Journal of athletic training · 7 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2016-06-01 · J Athl Train · vol. 51 · issue 6 · pp. 500–501
- Publisher
- National Athletic Trainers' Association
- Cited
- 14 citations · more than 76% of similar papers · 0.9× the field average
- References
- 7 works
- Access
- Free to read
- Research areas
- Exercise and Physiological Responses · Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Keywords
- Immersion (mathematics), Heat illness, Hyperthermia, Computer science, Medicine, Mathematics, Internal medicine, Geography
- MeSH
- forearm, humans, fever, water, body temperature, exercise, hyperthermia, induced, immersion, sports, cold temperature
4 authors
From US
- Emma A. NyeIndiana State University
- Jessica R. EdlerIndiana State University
- Lindsey E. EbermanIndiana State University
- Kenneth E. GamesIndiana State University
Abstract
Unlabelled
Reference: Zhang Y, Davis JK, Casa DJ, Bishop PA. Optimizing cold water immersion for exercise-induced hyperthermia: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(11):2464-2472. Clinical Questions: Do optimal procedures exist for implementing cold-water immersion (CWI) that yields high cooling rates for hyperthermic individuals?
Data sources
One reviewer performed a literature search using PubMed and Web of Science. Search phrases were cold water immersion, forearm immersion, ice bath, ice water immersion, immersion, AND cooling.
Study selection
Studies were included based on the following criteria: (1) English language, (2) full-length articles published in peer-reviewed journals, (3) healthy adults subjected to exercise-induced hyperthermia, and (4) reporting of core temperature as 1 outcome measure. A total of 19 studies were analyzed.
Data extraction
Pre-immersion core temperature, immersion water temperature, ambient temperature, immersion duration, and immersion level were coded a priori for extraction. Data originally reported in graphical form were digitally converted to numeric values. Mean differences comparing the cooling rates of CWI with passive recovery, standard deviation of change from baseline core temperature, and within-subjects r were extracted. Two independent reviewers used the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale to assess the risk of bias.
Main results
Cold-water immersion increased the cooling rate by 0.03°C/min (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03, 0.04°C/min) compared with passive recovery. Cooling rates were more effective when the pre-immersion core temperature was ≥38.6°C (P = .023), immersion water temperature was ≤10°C (P = .036), ambient temperature was ≥20°C (P = .013), or immersion duration was ≤10 minutes (P < .001). Cooling rates for torso and limb immersion (mean difference = 0.04°C/min, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.06°C/min) were higher (P = .028) than those for forearm and hand immersion (mean difference = 0.01°C/min, 95% CI = -0.01, 0.04°C/min).
Conclusions
Hyperthermic individuals were cooled twice as fast by CWI as by passive recovery. Therefore, the former method is the preferred choice when treating patients with exertional heat stroke. Water temperature should be <10°C, with the torso and limbs immersed. Insufficient published evidence supports CWI of the forearms and hands.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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