Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle
Joo CH, Allan R, Drust B, Close GL, Jeong TS, Bartlett JD, Mawhinney C, Louhelainen J, Morton JP, Gregson W
European journal of applied physiology · 39 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Mechanisms only
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
Based on full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2016-10-03 · Eur J Appl Physiol · vol. 116 · issue 11-12 · pp. 2315–2326
- Publisher
- Springer Science+Business Media
- Cited
- 48 citations · more than 96% of similar papers · 5.5× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 38 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Exercise and Physiological Responses · Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Keywords
- Skeletal muscle, Internal medicine, Endocrinology, Messenger RNA, Human physiology, Medicine, Biology, Gene, Biochemistry
- MeSH
- muscle, skeletal, humans, vascular endothelial growth factor a, exercise, hypothermia, induced, immersion, adaptation, physiological, up-regulation, adult, male, cold temperature, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
10 authors
From KR, GB, AU
- Chang-Hwa JooHonam University; Liverpool John Moores University
- Robert AllanLiverpool John Moores University
- Barry DrustLiverpool John Moores University
- Graeme Leonard CloseLiverpool John Moores University
- Tae-Seok JeongLiverpool John Moores University
- Jonathan D. BartlettVictoria University
Abstract
Purpose
We tested the hypothesis that both post-exercise and passive cold water immersion (CWI) increases PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle.
Method
Study 1 Nine males completed an intermittent running protocol (8 × 3-min bouts at 90 % [Formula: see text], interspersed with 3-min active recovery (1.5-min at 25 % and 1.5-min at 50 % [Formula: see text]) before undergoing CWI (10 min at 8 °C) or seated rest (CONT) in a counterbalanced, randomised manner. Study 2 Ten males underwent an identical CWI protocol under passive conditions.
Results
Study 1 PGC-1α mRNA increased in CONT (~3.4-fold; P < 0.001) and CWI (~5.9-fold; P < 0.001) at 3 h post-exercise with a greater increase observed in CWI (P < 0.001). VEGFtotal mRNA increased after CWI only (~2.4-fold) compared with CONT (~1.1-fold) at 3 h post-exercise (P < 0.01). Study 2 Following CWI, PGC-1α mRNA expression was significantly increased ~1.3-fold (P = 0.001) and 1.4-fold (P = 0.0004) at 3 and 6 h, respectively. Similarly, VEGF165 mRNA was significantly increased in CWI ~1.9-fold (P = 0.03) and 2.2-fold (P = 0.009) at 3 and 6 h post-immersion.
Conclusions
Data confirm post-exercise CWI augments the acute exercise-induced expression of PGC-1α mRNA in human skeletal muscle compared to exercise per se. Additionally CWI per se mediates the activation of PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. Cold water may therefore enhance the adaptive response to acute exercise.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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