Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people: a randomized controlled trial
Da Boit M, Sibson R, Sivasubramaniam S, Meakin JR, Greig CA, Aspden RM, Thies F, Jeromson S, Hamilton DL, Speakman JR, Hambly C, Mangoni AA, Preston T, Gray SR
The American journal of clinical nutrition · 145 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- Medical Research Council
- Government
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Grants
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/J015911/1); Medical Research Council (MR/K00414X/1); Medical Research Council (MR/P021220/1); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/J015911/1)
Based on 2 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2016-11-17 · Am J Clin Nutr · vol. 105 · issue 1 · pp. 151–158
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Cited
- 186 citations · more than 99% of similar papers · 13.0× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 55 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Fatty Acid Research and Health · Exercise and Physiological Responses · Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- Fish oil, Placebo, Isometric exercise, Medicine, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Internal medicine, Resistance training, Body mass index, Randomized controlled trial, Physical therapy, Leg press, Strength training, Endocrinology, Physiology, Biology, Fatty acid, Fish <Actinopterygii>, Biochemistry
- MeSH
- lower extremity, muscle, skeletal, adipose tissue, humans, dietary fats, fatty acids, omega-3, triglycerides, fish oils, body mass index, exercise, sex factors, adaptation, physiological, body composition, movement, torque, dietary supplements, aged, female, male, muscle strength, resistance training
14 authors
From IN, GB, RS, CN, AU
- Mariasole Da BoitInstitute of Medical Sciences
- Rachael SibsonInstitute of Medical Sciences
- Selvaraj SivasubramaniamInstitute of Medical Sciences
- Judith R. MeakinUniversity of Exeter
- Carolyn Anne GreigCenter for Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences; University of Birmingham; Medical Research Council
- R.M. AspdenInstitute of Medical Sciences
Abstract
Background
Resistance exercise increases muscle mass and function in older adults, but responses are attenuated compared with younger people. Data suggest that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may enhance adaptations to resistance exercise in older women. To our knowledge, this possibility has not been investigated in men.
Objective
We sought to determine the effects of long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation on resistance exercise training-induced increases in muscle mass and function and whether these effects differ between older men and women.
Design
Fifty men and women [men: n = 27, mean ± SD age: 70.6 ± 4.5 y, mean ± SD body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 25.6 ± 4.2; women: n = 23, mean ± SD age: 70.7 ± 3.3 y, mean ± SD BMI: 25.3 ± 4.7] were randomly assigned to either long-chain n-3 PUFA (n = 23; 3 g fish oil/d) or placebo (n = 27; 3 g safflower oil/d) and participated in lower-limb resistance exercise training twice weekly for 18 wk. Muscle size, strength, and quality (strength per unit muscle area), functional abilities, and circulating metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured before and after the intervention.
Results
Maximal isometric torque increased after exercise training to a greater (P 0.05) between groups in men. In both sexes, the effect of exercise training on maximal isokinetic torque at 30, 90, and 240° s-1, 4-m walk time, chair-rise time, muscle anatomic cross-sectional area, and muscle fat did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups. There was a greater (P 0.05). Long-chain n-3 PUFAs resulted in a greater decrease (P 0.05) in glucose, insulin, or inflammatory markers.
Conclusion
Long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation augments increases in muscle function and quality in older women but not in older men after resistance exercise training. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02843009.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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