Cooling Effectiveness of a Modified Cold-Water Immersion Method After Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia
Luhring KE, Butts CL, Smith CR, Bonacci JA, Ylanan RC, Ganio MS, McDermott BP
Journal of athletic training · 41 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2016-11-01 · J Athl Train · vol. 51 · issue 11 · pp. 946–951
- Publisher
- National Athletic Trainers' Association
- Cited
- 64 citations · more than 93% of similar papers · 3.4× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 27 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy)
- Research areas
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Exercise and Physiological Responses · Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Keywords
- Medicine, Crossover study, Hyperthermia, Heart rate, Confidence interval, Thermoregulation, Anesthesia, Treadmill, Immersion (mathematics), Post-hoc analysis, Blood pressure, Rectal temperature, Physical therapy, Internal medicine, Mathematics
- MeSH
- humans, heat stroke, fever, water, exercise test, exercise, hyperthermia, induced, cross-over studies, immersion, body temperature regulation, blood pressure, heart rate, adult, male, cold temperature
7 authors
From US
- Katherine E. LuhringUniversity of Arkansas at Fayetteville
- Cory L. ButtsUniversity of Arkansas at Fayetteville
- Cody R. SmithUniversity of Arkansas at Fayetteville
- Jeffrey A. BonacciUniversity of Arkansas at Fayetteville
- Ramon C. YlananNorthwest Orthopaedic Specialists
- Matthew S. GanioUniversity of Arkansas at Fayetteville
Abstract
Context
Recommended treatment for exertional heat stroke includes whole-body cold-water immersion (CWI). However, remote locations or monetary or spatial restrictions can challenge the feasibility of CWI. Thus, the development of a modified, portable CWI method would allow for optimal treatment of exertional heat stroke in the presence of these challenges.
Objective
To determine the cooling rate of modified CWI (tarp-assisted cooling with oscillation [TACO]) after exertional hyperthermia.
Design
Randomized, crossover controlled trial.
Setting
Environmental chamber (temperature = 33.4°C ± 0.8°C, relative humidity = 55.7% ± 1.9%).
Patients or other participants
Sixteen volunteers (9 men, 7 women; age = 26 ± 4.7 years, height = 1.76 ± 0.09 m, mass = 72.5 ± 9.0 kg, body fat = 20.7% ± 7.1%) with no history of compromised thermoregulation.
Intervention(s)
Participants completed volitional exercise (cycling or treadmill) until they demonstrated a rectal temperature (Tre) ≥39.0°C. After exercise, participants transitioned to a semirecumbent position on a tarp until either Tre reached 38.1°C or 15 minutes had elapsed during the control (no immersion [CON]) or TACO (immersion in 151 L of 2.1°C ± 0.8°C water) treatment.
Main outcome measure(s)
The Tre, heart rate, and blood pressure (reported as mean arterial pressure) were assessed precooling and postcooling. Statistical analyses included repeated-measures analysis of variance with appropriate post hoc t tests and Bonferroni correction.
Results
Before cooling, the Tre was not different between conditions (CON: 39.27°C ± 0.26°C, TACO: 39.30°C ± 0.39°C; P = .62; effect size = -0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.2, 0.1). At postcooling, the Tre was decreased in the TACO (38.10°C ± 0.16°C) compared with the CON condition (38.74°C ± 0.38°C; P 15 = -8.84; P 12 = 1.73; P = .11; effect size = 0.48; 95% CI = -0.02, 0.14) treatment. Decreases in heart rate did not differ between the TACO and CON conditions (t15 = -1.81; P = .09; effect size = 0.45; 95% CI = -22, 2). Mean arterial pressure was greater at postcooling with TACO (84.2 ± 6.6 mm Hg) than with CON (67.0 ± 9.0 mm Hg; P < .001; effect size = 2.25; 95% CI = 13, 21).
Conclusions
The TACO treatment provided faster cooling than did the CON treatment. When location, monetary, or spatial restrictions are present, TACO represents an effective alternative to traditional CWI in the emergency treatment of patients with exertional hyperthermia.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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