Creatine Loading Does Not Preserve Muscle Mass or Strength During Leg Immobilization in Healthy, Young Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Backx EMP, Hangelbroek R, Snijders T, Verscheijden ML, Verdijk LB, de Groot LCPGM, van Loon LJC
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 43 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Possibly industry funded
- Company
- TI Food and Nutrition
Based on 1 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2017-01-05 · Sports Med · vol. 47 · issue 8 · pp. 1661–1671
- Publisher
- Springer Science+Business Media
- Cited
- 61 citations · more than 90% of similar papers · 2.7× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 39 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition · Cardiovascular and exercise physiology · Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- Creatine, Placebo, Medicine, Analysis of variance, Creatine Monohydrate, Leg press, Body mass index, Lean body mass, Augment, Quadriceps muscle, Internal medicine, Physical therapy, Muscle strength, Body weight
- MeSH
- muscle, skeletal, humans, creatine, tomography, x-ray computed, biopsy, body mass index, administration, oral, double-blind method, immobilization, casts, surgical, body composition, dietary supplements, male, muscle strength, resistance training, young adult, healthy volunteers
7 authors
From NL
- Evelien M.P. BackxMaastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht University; TiFN; Wageningen University & Research
- Roland HangelbroekTiFN; Wageningen University & Research
- Tim SnijdersMaastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht University; TiFN
- Marie-Louise VerscheijdenMaastricht University Medical Centre
- Lex B. VerdijkMaastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht University; TiFN
- C.P.G.M. de GrootTiFN; Wageningen University & Research
Abstract
Background
A short period of leg immobilization leads to rapid loss of muscle mass and strength. Creatine supplementation has been shown to increase lean body mass in active individuals and can be used to augment gains in muscle mass and strength during prolonged resistance-type exercise training.
Objective
Our objective was to investigate whether creatine loading can attenuate the loss of muscle mass and strength during short-term leg immobilization.
Methods
Healthy young men (n = 30; aged 23 ± 1 years; body mass index [BMI] 23.3 ± 0.5 kg/m-2) were randomly assigned to either a creatine or a placebo group. Subjects received placebo or creatine supplements (20 g/d) for 5 days before one leg was immobilized by means of a full-leg cast for 7 days. Muscle biopsies were taken before creatine loading, prior to and immediately after leg immobilization, and after 7 days of subsequent recovery. Quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) (computed tomography [CT] scan) and leg muscle strength (one-repetition maximum [1-RM] knee extension) were assessed before and immediately after immobilization and after 1 week of recovery. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Data are presented consistently as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM).
Results
There was a significant overall increase in muscle total creatine content following the 5-day loading phase (p = 0.049), which appeared driven by an increase in the creatine group (from 90 ± 9 to 107 ± 4 mmol/kg-1 dry muscle) with no apparent change in the placebo group (from 88 ± 4 to 90 ± 3 mmol/kg-1; p = 0.066 for time × treatment interaction). Quadriceps muscle CSA had declined by 465 ± 59 and 425 ± 69 mm2 (p 0.05). When non-responders to creatine loading were excluded (n = 6), responders (n = 8; total creatine content increasing from 70 to 106 mmol/kg-1) showed similar findings, with no signs of preservation of muscle mass or strength during immobilization. During the subsequent recovery phase, no differences in muscle mass or strength were found between the two groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Creatine supplementation prior to and during leg immobilization does not prevent or attenuate the loss of muscle mass or strength during short-term muscle disuse. NIH Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT01894737 ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ ).
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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