Health Benefits of Dietary Whole Grains: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses
McRae MP
Journal of chiropractic medicine · 85 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2016-11-18 · J Chiropr Med · vol. 16 · issue 1 · pp. 10–18
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Cited
- 141 citations · more than 97% of similar papers · 5.8× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 41 works
- Access
- Free to read
- Research areas
- Food composition and properties · Celiac Disease Research and Management · Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Keywords
- Medicine, Meta-analysis, Type 2 diabetes, Obesity, Waist, Relative risk, Disease, Diabetes mellitus, Colorectal cancer, Whole grains, Refined grains, Internal medicine, Cancer, Systematic review, Publication bias, Incidence (geometry), Environmental health, MEDLINE, Endocrinology, Confidence interval
1 author
From US
- Marc P. McRae · correspondingNational University of Health Sciences
Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study is to review the effectiveness of the role of whole grain as a therapeutic agent in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity.
Methods
An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from January 1, 1980, to May 31, 2016, was conducted using the following search strategy: (whole grain OR whole grains) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review). Only English language publications that provided quantitative statistical analysis on type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and weight loss were retrieved.
Results
Twenty-one meta-analyses were retrieved for inclusion in this umbrella review, and all the meta-analyses reported statistically significant positive benefits for reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes (relative risk [RR] = 0.68-0.80), cardiovascular disease (RR = 0.63-0.79), and colorectal, pancreatic, and gastric cancers (RR = 0.57-0.94) and a modest effect on body weight, waist circumference, and body fat mass. Significant reductions in cardiovascular and cancer mortality were also observed (RR = 0.82 and 0.89, respectively). Some problems of heterogeneity, publication bias, and quality assessment were found among the studies.
Conclusion
This review suggests that there is some evidence for dietary whole grain intake to be beneficial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and colorectal, pancreatic, and gastric cancers. The potential benefits of these findings suggest that the consumption of 2 to 3 servings per day (~45 g) of whole grains may be a justifiable public health goal.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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