Food groups and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G, Lampousi AM, Knüppel S, Iqbal K, Schwedhelm C, Bechthold A, Schlesinger S, Boeing H
European journal of epidemiology · 573 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2017-04-10 · Eur J Epidemiol · vol. 32 · issue 5 · pp. 363–375
- Publisher
- Springer Science+Business Media
- Cited
- 820 citations · more than 99% of similar papers · 11.0× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 56 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Nutritional Studies and Diet · Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling · Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Keywords
- Refined grains, Medicine, Meta-analysis, Type 2 diabetes, Red meat, Relative risk, Food group, Environmental health, Food science, Whole grains, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Risk assessment, Prospective cohort study, Diabetes mellitus, Confidence interval, Internal medicine, Biology, Pathology, Endocrinology
- MeSH
- humans, fruit, nuts, vegetables, diabetes mellitus, type 2, diet, risk factors, prospective studies, feeding behavior, risk reduction behavior, eating, food, meat, whole grains
9 authors
From DE, AT, GB
- Lukas Schwingshackl · correspondingGerman Institute of Human Nutrition
- Georg E. HOFFMANNUniversity of Vienna
- Anna‐Maria LampousiGerman Institute of Human Nutrition
- Sven KnüppelGerman Institute of Human Nutrition
- Khalid Javed IqbalGerman Institute of Human Nutrition
- Carolina SchwedhelmGerman Institute of Human Nutrition
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the knowledge about the relation between intake of 12 major food groups and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar for prospective studies investigating the association between whole grains, refined grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) on risk of T2D. Summary relative risks were estimated using a random effects model by contrasting categories, and for linear and non-linear dose-response relationships. Six out of the 12 food-groups showed a significant relation with risk of T2D, three of them a decrease of risk with increasing consumption (whole grains, fruits, and dairy), and three an increase of risk with increasing consumption (red meat, processed meat, and SSB) in the linear dose-response meta-analysis. There was evidence of a non-linear relationship between fruits, vegetables, processed meat, whole grains, and SSB and T2D risk. Optimal consumption of risk-decreasing foods resulted in a 42% reduction, and consumption of risk-increasing foods was associated with a threefold T2D risk, compared to non-consumption. The meta-evidence was graded "low" for legumes and nuts; "moderate" for refined grains, vegetables, fruit, eggs, dairy, and fish; and "high" for processed meat, red meat, whole grains, and SSB. Among the investigated food groups, selecting specific optimal intakes can lead to a considerable change in risk of T2D.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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