Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen Changes Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Estimates of Body Composition
Bone JL, Ross ML, Tomcik KA, Jeacocke NA, Hopkins WG, Burke LM
Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 60 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- University or hospital
- Australian Catholic University
- University or hospital
- Universiteit Maastricht
- University or hospital
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism
Based on 3 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2016-11-29 · Med Sci Sports Exerc · vol. 49 · issue 5 · pp. 1029–1035
- Publisher
- Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Cited
- 81 citations · more than 96% of similar papers · 5.4× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 44 works
- Access
- Free to read
- Research areas
- Body Composition Measurement Techniques · Nutrition and Health in Aging · Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- Glycogen, Creatine, Lean body mass, Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Creatine Monohydrate, Internal medicine, Chemistry, Endocrinology, Crossover study, Medicine, Placebo, Animal science, Body mass index, Biology, Body weight, Pathology
- MeSH
- muscle, skeletal, body water, humans, creatine, glycogen, absorptiometry, photon, body composition, adult, male
6 authors
From AU
- Julia L. BoneVictoria University; Australian Catholic University
- MEGAN L. R. ROSSAustralian Sports Commission; Victoria University; Australian Catholic University
- KRISTYEN A. TOMCIKVictoria University; Australian Catholic University
- NIKKI A. JEACOCKEAustralian Sports Commission; Victoria University; Australian Catholic University
- Will G. HopkinsVictoria University; Australian Catholic University
- Louise M. BurkeAustralian Sports Commission; Victoria University; Australian Catholic University
Abstract
Standardizing a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol is thought to provide a reliable measurement of body composition.
Purpose
We investigated the effects of manipulating muscle glycogen and creatine content independently and additively on DXA estimates of lean mass.
Method
Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d for 5 d loading; 3 g·d maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. Body composition, total body water, muscle glycogen and creatine content were assessed via DXA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and standard biopsy techniques. Changes in the mean were assessed using the following effect-size scale: >0.2 small, >0.6, moderate, >1.2 large and compared with the threshold for the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment.
Results
Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (-1.4% ± 1.6%). Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%).
Conclusions
Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. This information needs to be considered in interpreting the results of DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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