Funded in part by Sanofi
Effects of intermittent fasting on health markers in those with type 2 diabetes: A pilot study
Arnason TG, Bowen MW, Mansell KD
World journal of diabetes · 85 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Controlled clinical trial (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Industry funded
- Company
- Sanofi
- University or hospital
- University of Saskatchewan
- University or hospital
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan
Based on 3 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2017-01-01 · World J Diabetes · vol. 8 · issue 4 · p. 154
- Cited
- 132 citations · more than 96% of similar papers · 4.9× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 36 works
- Access
- Open access (free to publish) · CC-BY-NC
- Research areas
- Dietary Effects on Health · Diet and metabolism studies · Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Keywords
- Medicine, Morning, Tolerability, Evening, Intermittent fasting, Body mass index, Type 2 diabetes, Diabetes mellitus, Volunteer, Anthropometry, Internal medicine, Metformin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Weight loss, Obesity, Endocrinology, Adverse effect
3 authors
From CA
- Terra ArnasonUniversity of Saskatchewan
- Matthew W. BowenUniversity of Saskatchewan
- Kerry D. MansellUniversity of Saskatchewan
Abstract
Aim
To determine the short-term biochemical effects and clinical tolerability of intermittent fasting (IF) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
We describe a three-phase observational study (baseline 2 wk, intervention 2 wk, follow-up 2 wk) designed to determine the clinical, biochemical, and tolerability of IF in community-dwelling volunteer adults with T2DM. Biochemical, anthropometric, and physical activity measurements (using the Yale Physical Activity Survey) were taken at the end of each phase. Participants reported morning, afternoon and evening self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) and fasting duration on a daily basis throughout all study stages, in addition to completing a remote food photography diary three times within each study phase. Fasting blood samples were collected on the final days of each study phase.
Results
At baseline, the ten participants had a confirmed diagnosis of T2DM and were all taking metformin, and on average were obese [mean body mass index (BMI) 36.90 kg/m2]. We report here that a short-term period of IF in a small group of individuals with T2DM led to significant group decreases in weight (-1.395 kg, P = 0.009), BMI (-0.517, P = 0.013), and at-target morning glucose (SMBG). Although not a study requirement, all participants preferentially chose eating hours starting in the midafternoon. There was a significant increase (P χ2 likelihood ratio = 8.36, P = 0.004) but not for afternoon or evening SMBG (all P > 0.1). Postprandial SMBGs were also improved during the IF phase, with 60.5% readings below 9.05 mmol/L, compared to 52.6% at baseline, and with less glucose variation. Neither insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), nor inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein) normalized during the IF phase. IF led to an overall spontaneous decrease in caloric intake as measured by food photography (Remote Food Photography Method). The data demonstrated discernable trends during IF for lower energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake when compared to baseline. Physical activity, collected by a standardized measurement tool (Yale Physical Activity Survey), increased during the intervention phase and subsequently decreased in the follow-up phase. IF was well tolerated in the majority of individuals with 6/10 participants stating they would continue with the IF regimen after the completion of the study, in a full or modified capacity (i.e., every other day or reduced fasting hours).
Conclusion
The results from this pilot study indicate that short-term daily IF may be a safe, tolerable, dietary intervention in T2DM patients that may improve key outcomes including body weight, fasting glucose and postprandial variability. These findings should be viewed as exploratory, and a larger, longer study is necessary to corroborate these findings.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY-NC).
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