Magnesium Intake, Quality of Carbohydrates, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From Three U.S. Cohorts
Hruby A, Guasch-Ferré M, Bhupathiraju SN, Manson JE, Willett WC, McKeown NM, Hu FB
Diabetes care · 30 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- Agricultural Research Service
- Government
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Government
- National Cancer Institute
- Government
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Government
- NCI NIH HHS
- Government
- NIDDK NIH HHS
- Government
- NHLBI NIH HHS
- Government
- NIDDK
- Grants
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL60712); National Cancer Institute (P01 CA055075.); National Cancer Institute (P01 CA087969); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K01 DK107804); National Cancer Institute (UM1 CA186107); National Cancer Institute (UM1-CA-167552); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01-DK058845); National Cancer Institute (UM1 CA176726); Agricultural Research Service (58-1950-4-003); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL060712); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK58845); National Cancer Institute ([P01 CA87969)
Based on 8 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2017-10-04 · Diabetes Care · vol. 40 · issue 12 · pp. 1695–1702
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Cited
- 48 citations · more than 88% of similar papers · 2.2× the field average
- References
- 39 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy)
- Research areas
- Magnesium in Health and Disease · Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments · Food composition and properties
- Keywords
- Medicine, Type 2 diabetes, Diabetes mellitus, Glycemic index, Context (archaeology), Glycemic, Internal medicine, Hazard ratio, Endocrinology, Lower risk, Confidence interval
- MeSH
- humans, diabetes mellitus, type 2, magnesium, dietary carbohydrates, blood glucose, diet, multivariate analysis, proportional hazards models, risk factors, longitudinal studies, follow-up studies, energy intake, glycemic index, dietary fiber, dietary supplements, adult, middle aged, nurses, united states, female, male, food quality
7 authors
From US
- Adela Hruby · correspondingTufts University; Harvard University; Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
- Marta Liu Guasch-Ferré · correspondingHarvard University
- Shilpa N BhupathirajuBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
- JoAnn E. MansonBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
- Walter Churchill WillettBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
- Nicola Mary McKeownTufts University; Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
Abstract
Objective
Magnesium intake is inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in many observational studies, but few have assessed this association in the context of the carbohydrate quality of the diet. We hypothesized that higher magnesium intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, especially in the context of a poor carbohydrate-quality diet characterized by low cereal fiber or high glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL).
Research design and methods
In the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1984-2012, n = 69,176), NHS2 (1991-2013, n = 91,471), and the Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study (1986-2012, n = 42,096), dietary intake was assessed from food frequency questionnaires every 4 years. Type 2 diabetes was ascertained by biennial and supplementary questionnaires. We calculated multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) of magnesium intake and incident diabetes, adjusted for age, BMI, family history of diabetes, physical activity, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, GL, energy intake, alcohol, cereal fiber, polyunsaturated fats, trans fatty acids, and processed meat, and we considered the joint associations of magnesium and carbohydrate quality on diabetes risk.
Results
We documented 17,130 incident cases of type 2 diabetes over 28 years of follow-up. In pooled analyses across the three cohorts, those with the highest magnesium intake had 15% lower risk of type 2 diabetes compared with those with the lowest intake (pooled multivariate HR in quintile 5 vs. 1: 0.85 [95% CI 0.80-0.91], P P interaction <0.001).
Conclusions
Higher magnesium intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, especially in the context of lower carbohydrate-quality diets.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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