A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A randomized controlled trial: The St. Carlos GDM prevention study
Assaf-Balut C, García de la Torre N, Durán A, Fuentes M, Bordiú E, Del Valle L, Familiar C, Ortolá A, Jiménez I, Herraiz MA, Izquierdo N, Perez N, Torrejon MJ, Ortega MI, Illana FJ, Runkle I, de Miguel MP, Montañez C, Barabash A, Cuesta M, Rubio MA, Calle-Pascual AL
PloS one · 173 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Food frequency questionnaire
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Nonprofit
- American Diabetes Association
- Government
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Government
- European Regional Development Fund
- University or hospital
- IdISSC Hospital Clinico San Carlos
- Nonprofit
- Fundación para Estudios Endocrinometabolicos
- Grants
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI14/01563); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI14/)
Based on 5 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2017-10-19 · PLoS One · vol. 12 · issue 10 · p. e0185873
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science
- Cited
- 235 citations · more than 99% of similar papers · 12.6× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 37 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management · Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies · Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- Gestational diabetes, Medicine, Obstetrics, Pregnancy, Incidence (geometry), Randomized controlled trial, Mediterranean diet, Diabetes mellitus, Caesarean section, Internal medicine, Gestation, Endocrinology, Biology
- MeSH
- humans, pistacia, diabetes, gestational, pregnancy outcome, incidence, prospective studies, life style, diet, mediterranean, pregnancy, adult, infant, newborn, female, olive oil
22 authors
From ES
- Carla Assaf-BalutUniversidad Complutense de Madrid; Hospital Clínico San Carlos; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos
- Nuria García de la TorreHospital Clínico San Carlos; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos
- Alejandra DuránUniversidad Complutense de Madrid; Hospital Clínico San Carlos; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos
- Manuel Enrique FuentesInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos
- Elena BordiúUniversidad Complutense de Madrid; Hospital Clínico San Carlos; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos
- Laura del ValleHospital Clínico San Carlos; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Abstract
Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence is increasing and becoming a major public health concern. Whether a Mediterranean diet can help prevent GDM in unselected pregnant women has yet to be studied.
Methods
We conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the incidence of GDM with two different dietary models. All consecutive normoglycemic (<92 mg/dL) pregnant women at 8-12 gestational weeks (GW) were assigned to Intervention Group (IG, n = 500): MedDiet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and pistachios; or Control Group (CG, n = 500): standard diet with limited fat intake. Primary outcome was to assess the effect of the intervention on GDM incidence at 24-28 GW. Gestational weight gain (GWG), pregnancy-induced hypertension, caesarean section (CS), preterm delivery, perineal trauma, small and large for gestational age (SGA and LGA) and admissions to neonatal intensive care unit were also assessed. Analysis was by intention-to-treat.
Results
A total of 874 women completed the study (440/434, CG/IG). According to nutritional questionnaires and biomarker analysis, women in the IG had a good adherence to the intervention. 177/874 women were diagnosed with GDM, 103/440 (23.4%) in CG and 74/434(17.1%) in IG, p = 0.012. The crude relative risk (RR) for GDM was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.56-0.95; p = 0.020) IG vs CG and persisted after adjusted multivariable analysis, 0.75(95% CI: 0.57-0.98; p = 0.039). IG had also significantly reduced rates of insulin-treated GDM, prematurity, GWG at 24-28 and 36-38 GW, emergency CS, perineal trauma, and SGA and LGA newborns (all p<0.05).
Conclusions
An early nutritional intervention with a supplemented MedDiet reduces the incidence of GDM and improves several maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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