Funded in part by General Mills, Cereal Partners Worldwide
Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial
Roager HM, Vogt JK, Kristensen M, Hansen LBS, Ibrügger S, Mærkedahl RB, Bahl MI, Lind MV, Nielsen RL, Frøkiær H, Gøbel RJ, Landberg R, Ross AB, Brix S, Holck J, Meyer AS, Sparholt MH, Christensen AF, Carvalho V, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Rumessen JJ, Linneberg A, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Dalgaard MD, Blennow A, Frandsen HL, Villas-Bôas S, Kristiansen K, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Ekstrøm CT, Ritz C, Nielsen HB, Pedersen OB, Gupta R, Lauritzen L, Licht TR
Gut · 343 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Intake biomarkers
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Industry funded
- Company
- General Mills
- Government
- Innovationsfonden
- University or hospital
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen
- University or hospital
- University of Auckland
- University or hospital
- Danmarks Tekniske Universitet
- Government
- Region Hovedstaden
- University or hospital
- Sino-Danish Center
- Company
- Cereal Partners Worldwide
- University or hospital
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research
- Government
- Innovation Fund Denmark
- University or hospital
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC)
- Authors
- At least one author declares a financial tie to industry
- Grants
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC 3.F CMP)
Based on 11 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2017-11-01 · Gut · vol. 68 · issue 1 · pp. 83–93
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Cited
- 448 citations · more than 99% of similar papers · 11.0× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 61 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY-NC
- Research areas
- Gut microbiota and health · Food composition and properties · Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Keywords
- Microbiome, Whole grains, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Medicine, Systemic inflammation, Refined grains, Endocrinology, Food science, Insulin, Physiology, Animal science, Biology, Inflammation, Bioinformatics
- MeSH
- feces, humans, insulin resistance, inflammation, weight loss, blood glucose, lipids, interleukin-6, diet, cross-over studies, energy intake, adult, aged, middle aged, denmark, female, male, metabolomics, gastrointestinal microbiome, whole grains
38 authors
From DK, SE, NZ
- Henrik Munch RoagerTechnical University of Denmark
- Josef Korbinian VogtTechnical University of Denmark
- Mette KristensenUniversity of Copenhagen
- Lea Benedicte Skov HansenTechnical University of Denmark
- Sabine IbrüggerUniversity of Copenhagen
- Rasmus Baadsgaard MærkedahlUniversity of Copenhagen
Abstract
Objective
To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality.
Design
60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed.
Results
50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye.
Conclusion
Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation.
Trial registration number
NCT01731366; Results.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY-NC).
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