Vitamin D Fortification of Fluid Milk Products and Their Contribution to Vitamin D Intake and Vitamin D Status in Observational Studies-A Review
Itkonen ST, Erkkola M, Lamberg-Allardt CJE
Nutrients · 104 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Systematic review (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Nonprofit
- Foundation for Nutrition Research
Based on 1 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2018-08-09 · Nutrients · vol. 10 · issue 8 · p. 1054
- Publisher
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
- Cited
- 151 citations · more than 99% of similar papers · 8.3× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 57 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Vitamin D Research Studies · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Keywords
- Fortification, Vitamin D and neurology, Vitamin, Food fortification, Population, Observational study, Medicine, Fortified Food, Food science, Environmental health, Chemistry, Endocrinology, Internal medicine
- MeSH
- milk, animals, humans, vitamin d deficiency, vitamin d, age factors, nutritional status, nutritive value, cultured milk products, food, fortified, adolescent, adult, aged, middle aged, child, child, preschool, infant, female, male, young adult, recommended dietary allowances, biomarkers, observational studies as topic
3 authors
From FI
- Suvi T. Itkonen · correspondingUniversity of Helsinki
- Maijaliisa ErkkolaUniversity of Helsinki
- Christel J. E. Lamberg-AllardtUniversity of Helsinki
Abstract
Fluid milk products are systematically, either mandatorily or voluntarily, fortified with vitamin D in some countries but their overall contribution to vitamin D intake and status worldwide is not fully understood. We searched the PubMed database to evaluate the contribution of vitamin D-fortified fluid milk products (regular milk and fermented products) to vitamin D intake and serum or plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status in observational studies during 1993⁻2017. Twenty studies provided data on 25(OH)D status (n = 19,744), and 22 provided data on vitamin D intake (n = 99,023). Studies showed positive associations between the consumption of vitamin D-fortified milk and 25(OH)D status in different population groups. In countries with a national vitamin D fortification policy covering various fluid milk products (Finland, Canada, United States), milk products contributed 28⁻63% to vitamin D intake, while in countries without a fortification policy, or when the fortification covered only some dairy products (Sweden, Norway), the contribution was much lower or negligible. To conclude, based on the reviewed observational studies, vitamin D-fortified fluid milk products contribute to vitamin D intake and 25(OH)D status. However, their impact on vitamin D intake at the population level depends on whether vitamin D fortification is systematic and policy-based.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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