Sauna Bathing and Risk of Psychotic Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study
Laukkanen T, Laukkanen JA, Kunutsor SK
Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 17 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2018-01-01 · Med Princ Pract · vol. 27 · issue 6 · pp. 562–569
- Publisher
- Karger Publishers
- Cited
- 26 citations · more than 65% of similar papers · 0.5× the field average
- References
- 30 works
- Access
- Open access (free to publish) · CC-BY-NC
- Research areas
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Therapeutic Uses of Natural Elements · Urban Green Space and Health
- Keywords
- Medicine, Hazard ratio, Prospective cohort study, Proportional hazards model, Bathing, Confounding, Internal medicine, Population, Cohort study, Confidence interval, Cohort, Environmental health
- MeSH
- humans, steam bath, proportional hazards models, risk factors, prospective studies, psychotic disorders, adult, middle aged, finland, male, surveys and questionnaires
3 authors
From FI, GB
- Tanjaniina LaukkanenUniversity of Eastern Finland; Central Finland Health Care District
- Jari A. LaukkanenUniversity of Eastern Finland; Central Finland Health Care District; University of Jyväskylä
- Setor K. KunutsorSouthmead Hospital; National Institute for Health and Care Research; University of Bristol; NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre
Abstract
Objective
Sauna bathing has been suggested to promote mental well-being and relaxation, but the evidence is uncertain with respect to mental disorders. We aimed to assess the association of frequency of sauna bathing with risk of psychosis in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective population-based study.
Subjects and methods
Baseline sauna bathing habits were assessed in 2,138 men aged 42-61 years who had no history of psychotic disorders. Participants were classified into three groups based on the frequency of sauna bathing (once, 2-3, and 4-7 times per week).
Results
During a median follow-up of 24.9 years, 203 psychotic disorders were recorded. A total of 537, 1,417, and 184 participants reported having a sauna bath once a week, 2-3 times, and 4-7 times per week, respectively. In Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, compared to men who had 1 sauna session per week, the hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) of psychosis for 4-7 sauna sessions per week was 0.23 (0.09-0.58). In a multivariable model adjusted for several risk factors and other potential confounders, the corresponding hazard ratio was 0.21 (0.08-0.52). The association was similar after further adjustment for total energy intake, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and C-reactive protein (0.22 [0.09-0.54]) and was unchanged on additional adjustment for duration of a sauna session and temperature of the sauna bath (0.23 [0.09-0.57]).
Conclusion
Our study suggests a strong inverse and independent association between frequent sauna bathing and the future risk of psychotic disorders in a general male population.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY-NC).
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