Association between whole grain intake and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Xiao Y, Ke Y, Wu S, Huang S, Li S, Lv Z, Yeoh EK, Lao X, Wong S, Kim JH, Colditz GA, Tamimi RM, Su X
Nutrition journal · 33 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Government
- Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund
- Grants
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81402672)
Based on 2 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2018-09-21 · Nutr J · vol. 17 · issue 1 · p. 87
- Publisher
- BioMed Central
- Cited
- 51 citations · more than 66% of similar papers · 1.0× the field average
- References
- 77 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Food composition and properties · Celiac Disease Research and Management · Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- Medicine, Meta-analysis, Breast cancer, Relative risk, Subgroup analysis, Confidence interval, Internal medicine, Observational study, Cohort study, Publication bias, Cochrane Library, Epidemiology, Cancer, Oncology
- MeSH
- humans, breast neoplasms, diet, risk factors, adult, aged, middle aged, female, observational studies as topic, whole grains
13 authors
From CN, HK, US
- Yunjun XiaoShenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Yuebin KeShenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Shuang WuShenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Suli HuangShenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Siguo LiShenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Ziquan LvShenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Abstract
Background
Epidemiological studies have found that high whole grain intake may be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. However, the evidence has not been consistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the association between whole grain intake and breast cancer risk.
Methods
Relevant observational studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library databases, and Google Scholar through April 2017. Summary relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis.
Results
A total of 11 studies, including 4 cohort and 7 case-control studies and involving 131,151 participants and 11,589 breast cancer cases, were included in the current meta-analysis. The pooled RR of breast cancer for those with high versus low whole grain intake was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74 to 0.96, p = 0.009; I2 = 63.8%, p for heterogeneity = 0.002). Subgroup analysis by study design found a significant inverse association in the case-control studies (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.87, p = 0.001; I2 = 58.2%, p for heterogeneity = 0.026), but not in the cohort studies (RR, 0.96; 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.14, p = 0.69; I2 = 66.7%, p for heterogeneity = 0.029). In addition, stratified analysis suggested that sample size could be a potential source of heterogeneity.
Conclusions
Results of the current meta-analysis suggest that high intake of whole grains might be inversely associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, and the inverse association was only observed in case-control but not cohort studies. More large-scale cohort studies are needed to confirm the inverse association observed.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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