Cooling Rates of Hyperthermic Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms When Cold-Water Immersion Is Delayed
Miller KC, Di Mango TA, Katt GE
Journal of athletic training · 6 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2018-12-01 · J Athl Train · vol. 53 · issue 12 · pp. 1200–1205
- Publisher
- National Athletic Trainers' Association
- Cited
- 9 citations · more than 62% of similar papers · 0.4× the field average
- References
- 41 works
- Access
- Open access (free to publish)
- Research areas
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Exercise and Physiological Responses · Infrared Thermography in Medicine
- Keywords
- Heat illness, Thermal sensation, Medicine, Football, Context (archaeology), Warming up, Affect (linguistics), Physical therapy, Psychology, History
- MeSH
- humans, heat stress disorders, heat stroke, water, body temperature, exercise, hyperthermia, induced, cross-over studies, immersion, football, clothing, adult, united states, female, male, cold temperature, hot temperature, young adult, athletes, thermosensing
3 authors
From US
- Kevin Charles MillerCentral Michigan University
- Timothy A. Di MangoCentral Michigan University
- Grace E. KattCentral Michigan University
Abstract
Context
Treatment delays can be contributing factors in the deaths of American football athletes from exertional heat stroke. Ideally, clinicians begin cold-water immersion (CWI) to reduce rectal temperature (Trec) to rec cooling rates that exceed 0.15°C/min. Whether treatment delays affect CWI cooling rates or perceptual variables when football uniforms are worn is unknown.
Objective
To answer 3 questions: (1) Does wearing a football uniform and delaying CWI by 5 minutes or 30 minutes affect Trec cooling rates? (2) Do Trec cooling rates exceed 0.15°C/min when treatment delays have occurred and individuals wear football uniforms during CWI? (3) How do treatment delays affect thermal sensation and Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire responses?
Design
Crossover study.
Setting
Laboratory.
Patients or other participants
Ten physically active men (age = 22 ± 2 y, height = 183.0 ± 6.9 cm, mass = 78.9 ± 6.0 kg).
Intervention(s)
On 2 days, participants wore American football uniforms and exercised in the heat until Trec was 39.75°C. Then they sat in the heat, with equipment on, for either 5 or 30 minutes before undergoing CWI (10.6°C ± 0.1°C) until Trec reached 37.75°C.
Main outcome measure(s)
Rectal temperature and CWI duration were used to calculate cooling rates. Thermal sensation was measured pre-exercise, postexercise, postdelay, and post-CWI. Responses to the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire were obtained pre-exercise, postdelay, and post-CWI.
Results
The Trec cooling rates exceeded recommendations and were unaffected by treatment delays (5-minute delay = 0.20°C/min ± 0.07°C/min, 30-minute delay = 0.19°C/min ± 0.05°C/min; P = .4). Thermal sensation differed between conditions only postdelay (5-minute delay = 6.5 ± 0.6, 30-minute delay = 5.5 ± 0.7; P < .05). Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire responses differed between conditions only postdelay (5-minute delay = 27 ± 15, 30-minute delay = 16 ± 12; P < .05).
Conclusions
Treatment delays and football equipment did not impair CWI's effectiveness. Because participants felt cooler and better after the 30-minute delay despite still having elevated Trec, clinicians should use objective measurements (eg, Trec) to guide their decision making for patients with possible exertional heat stroke.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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