Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society
Lips P, Cashman KD, Lamberg-Allardt C, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Bianchi ML, Stepan J, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Bouillon R
European journal of endocrinology · 451 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Expert or government fact sheet (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2019-02-05 · Eur J Endocrinol · vol. 180 · issue 4 · pp. P23–P54
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Cited
- 681 citations · more than 100% of similar papers · 53.1× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 290 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy) · OTHER-OA
- Research areas
- Vitamin D Research Studies · Bone health and osteoporosis research · Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Keywords
- Medicine, vitamin D deficiency, Vitamin D and neurology, Population, Food fortification, Vitamin, Physiology, Pediatrics, Internal medicine, Endocrinology, Environmental health
- MeSH
- humans, calcinosis, vitamin d deficiency, vitamin d, dietary supplements, societies, medical, middle east, europe
9 authors
From IE, FI, CH, AT, IT, CZ, LB, BE
- Paul T.A.M. Lips · corresponding
- Kevin D. CashmanUniversity College Cork
- Christel J. E. Lamberg-AllardtUniversity of Helsinki
- Heike Annette Bischoff-FerrariUniversity of Zurich
- Barbara Maria Obermayer-PietschMedical University of Graz
- Maria Luisa BianchiIRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) 10% of Europeans. The European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) advises that the measurement of serum 25(OH)D be standardized, for example, by the Vitamin D Standardization Program. Risk groups include young children, adolescents, pregnant women, older people (especially the institutionalized) and non-Western immigrants. Consequences of vitamin D deficiency include mineralization defects and lower bone mineral density causing fractures. Extra-skeletal consequences may be muscle weakness, falls and acute respiratory infection, and are the subject of large ongoing clinical trials. The ECTS advises to improve vitamin D status by food fortification and the use of vitamin D supplements in risk groups. Fortification of foods by adding vitamin D to dairy products, bread and cereals can improve the vitamin D status of the whole population, but quality assurance monitoring is needed to prevent intoxication. Specific risk groups such as infants and children up to 3 years, pregnant women, older persons and non-Western immigrants should routinely receive vitamin D supplements. Future research should include genetic studies to better define individual vulnerability for vitamin D deficiency, and Mendelian randomization studies to address the effect of vitamin D deficiency on long-term non-skeletal outcomes such as cancer.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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