A Whole-Grain Diet Increases Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Independent of Gut Hormones in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Malin SK, Kullman EL, Scelsi AR, Godin JP, Ross AB, Kirwan JP
Molecular nutrition & food research · 26 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Food provided by researchers
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- National Institutes of Health
- Government
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- Government
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Government
- National Center for Research Resources
- Government
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Government
- NCRR NIH HHS
- Government
- NCATS NIH HHS
- Government
- NIGMS NIH HHS
- Government
- NIDDK NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1-RR-024989); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32-DK007319); National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U54‐ GM104940); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR002548.)
Based on 9 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2019-02-14 · Mol Nutr Food Res · vol. 63 · issue 7 · p. e1800967
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Cited
- 36 citations · more than 91% of similar papers · 3.2× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 43 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy)
- Research areas
- Food composition and properties · Regulation of Appetite and Obesity · Diet and metabolism studies
- Keywords
- Internal medicine, Endocrinology, Insulin, Ghrelin, Type 2 diabetes, Crossover study, Peptide YY, Prediabetes, Incretin, Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, Meal, Hormone, Medicine, Chemistry, Diabetes mellitus, Biology, Glucagon, Receptor, Placebo, Neuropeptide Y receptor
- MeSH
- humans, diabetes mellitus, type 2, prediabetic state, gastrointestinal hormones, insulin, c-peptide, glucose, diet, double-blind method, adult, female, male, incretins, whole grains, insulin secretion
6 authors
From US, CH, SE
- Steven K. MalinCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine; University of Virginia
- Emily L. KullmanCleveland State University; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
- Amanda R. ScelsiCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
- Jean‐Philippe GodinNestlé (Switzerland)
- Alastair B. RossChalmers University of Technology
- John Patrick Kirwan · correspondingPennington Biomedical Research Center; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
Abstract
Introduction
The effect of whole-grain (WG) versus refined-grain (RG) diets on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and β-cell function is unclear.
Methods
In a double-blind crossover randomized controlled trial, 13 prediabetic adults (37.2 ± 1.8 y, BMI: 33.6 ± 1.4 kg m-2 , 2 h glucose: 146.9 ± 11.6 mg dL-1 ) are provided isocaloric-matched WG and RG diets for 8-weeks each, with an 8-10 week washout between diets. Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide are studied over 240 min following a 75 g OGTT. Incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), PYY, and total ghrelin are assessed at 0, 30, and 60 min. Mixed-meal diets for carbohydrate (54%), fat (28%), and protein (18%) contain either WG (50 g/1000 kcal) or equivalent RG.
Results
Both diets induce fat loss (≈2 kg). While neither diet impacts early phase GSIS, the WG diet increases total GSIS (iAUC of C-peptide0-240 /Glc0-240 , p = 0.02) and β-cell function (disposition index; GSIS × insulin sensitivity, p = 0.02). GIP and PYY are unaltered by either diet, but GLP-1 is higher at 30 min following RG versus WG (p = 0.04). Ghrelin levels are higher at 60 min of the OGTT following both interventions (p = 0.01).
Conclusion
A WG-rich diet increases β-cell function independent of gut hormones in adults with prediabetes.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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