Ultra-processed food intake and mortality in the USA: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994)
Kim H, Hu EA, Rebholz CM
Public health nutrition · 202 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Food frequency questionnaire
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Government
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Government
- NHLBI NIH HHS
- Government
- NIDDK NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK107782); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K01-DK-107782); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32-HL-007024)
Based on 4 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2019-02-21 · Public Health Nutr · vol. 22 · issue 10 · pp. 1777–1785
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Cited
- 272 citations · more than 100% of similar papers · 31.5× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 48 works
- Access
- Free to read
- Research areas
- Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling · Sodium Intake and Health · Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Environmental health, Medicine, Gerontology, Population
- MeSH
- humans, diet, nutrition surveys, diet surveys, prospective studies, food-processing industry, adult, middle aged, united states, female, male, young adult, fast foods
3 authors
From US
- Hyunju KimJohns Hopkins University
- Emily A. HuJohns Hopkins University
- Casey M. Rebholz · correspondingJohns Hopkins University
Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the association between ultra-processed food intake and all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in a nationally representative sample of US adults.
Design
Prospective analyses of reported frequency of ultra-processed food intake in 1988-1994 and all-cause mortality and CVD mortality through 2011.
Setting
The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994).ParticipantsAdults aged ≥20 years (n 11898).
Results
Over a median follow-up of 19 years, individuals in the highest quartile of frequency of ultra-processed food intake (e.g. sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverages, sweetened milk, sausage or other reconstructed meats, sweetened cereals, confectionery, desserts) had a 31% higher risk of all-cause mortality, after adjusting for demographic and socio-economic confounders and health behaviours (adjusted hazard ratio=1·31; 95% CI 1·09, 1·58; P-trend = 0·001). No association with CVD mortality was observed (P-trend=0·86).
Conclusions
Higher frequency of ultra-processed food intake was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality in a representative sample of US adults. More longitudinal studies with dietary data reflecting the modern food supply are needed to confirm our results.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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