The relationship between smartphone addiction and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity in South Korean adolescents
Kim SG, Park J, Kim HT, Pan Z, Lee Y, McIntyre RS
Annals of general psychiatry · 132 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Cross-sectional study (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- University or hospital
- Chosun University
- Grants
- Chosun University (, 2016)
Based on 1 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2019-03-09 · Ann Gen Psychiatry · vol. 18 · issue 1 · p. 1
- Publisher
- BioMed Central
- Cited
- 242 citations · more than 100% of similar papers · 59.2× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 40 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Impact of Technology on Adolescents · Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder · Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, adolescents, smartphone overuse, Korean adolescents, sex differences, substance use
6 authors
From CA, KR
- Seung-Gon Kim · correspondingUniversity Health Network; Chosun University
- Jong ParkChosun University
- Huntae KimUniversity of Calgary
- Zihang PanUniversity Health Network; University of Toronto
- Yena L. LeeUniversity Health Network; University of Toronto
- Roger S. McIntyreUniversity Health Network; University of Toronto
Abstract
Background
Excessive smartphone use has been associated with numerous psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of smartphone addiction and its association with depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a large sample of Korean adolescents.
Methods
A total of 4512 (2034 males and 2478 females) middle- and high-school students in South Korea were included in this study. Subjects were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire, including measures of the Korean Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scale (CASS). Smartphone addiction and non-addiction groups were defined using SAS score of 42 as a cut-off. The data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results
338 subjects (7.5%) were categorized to the addiction group. Total SAS score was positively correlated with total CASS score, BDI score, BAI score, female sex, smoking, and alcohol use. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, the odds ratio of ADHD group compared to the non-ADHD group for smartphone addiction was 6.43, the highest among all variables (95% CI 4.60-9.00).
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that ADHD may be a significant risk factor for developing smartphone addiction. The neurobiological substrates subserving smartphone addiction may provide insights on to both shared and discrete mechanisms with other brain-based disorders.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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