Associations Between Linoleic Acid Intake and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among U.S. Men and Women
Zong G, Liu G, Willett WC, Wanders AJ, Alssema M, Zock PL, Hu FB, Sun Q
Diabetes care · 49 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Food frequency questionnaire
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- University or hospital
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Government
- National Institutes of Health
- Government
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- Government
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Government
- National Cancer Institute
- Government
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Government
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- Government
- NHLBI NIH HHS
- Government
- NIEHS NIH HHS
- Government
- NCI NIH HHS
- Government
- NIDDK NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Cancer Institute (U01 CA167552); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK046200); National Cancer Institute (UM1 CA186107); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES022981); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL035464); National Cancer Institute (U01 CA176726); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK112940); National Cancer Institute (UM1-CA-167552); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01-DK058845); National Cancer Institute (UM1 CA176726); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01 ES021372); National Institutes of Health (HL-035464); National Institutes of Health (DK46200); National Institutes of Health (ES022981); National Institutes of Health (P30-DK46200); National Institutes of Health (CA176726); National Institutes of Health (ES021372); National Institutes of Health (DK112940); National Institutes of Health (CA-167552); National Institutes of Health (CA186107); National Institutes of Health (DK58845)
Based on 11 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2019-06-10 · Diabetes Care · vol. 42 · issue 8 · pp. 1406–1413
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Cited
- 79 citations · more than 96% of similar papers · 4.8× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 38 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy) · OTHER-OA
- Research areas
- Fatty Acid Research and Health · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- Medicine, Type 2 diabetes, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Diabetes mellitus, Linoleic acid, Hazard ratio, Prospective cohort study, Lower risk, Nurses' Health Study, Cohort study, Internal medicine, Polyunsaturated fat, Endocrinology, Confidence interval, Saturated fat, Fatty acid, Cholesterol, Biology, Biochemistry
- MeSH
- humans, diabetes mellitus, type 2, dietary fats, linoleic acids, trans fatty acids, diet, diet surveys, incidence, proportional hazards models, risk factors, follow-up studies, prospective studies, adult, middle aged, female, male
8 authors
From US, CN, NL
- Geng ZongHarvard University; Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Gang LiuHarvard University
- Walter Churchill WillettBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
- Anne J. WandersUnilever (Netherlands)
- Marjan AlssemaUnilever (Netherlands); Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Peter L. ZockUnilever (Netherlands)
Abstract
Objective
To investigate the association between intakes of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and type 2 diabetes risk in three prospective cohort studies of U.S. men and women.
Research design and methods
We followed 83,648 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1980-2012), 88,610 women from NHSII (1991-2013), and 41,771 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) (1986-2012). Dietary data were collected every 2-4 years by using validated food-frequency questionnaires. Self-reported incident diabetes, identified biennially, was confirmed by using a validated supplementary questionnaire.
Results
During 4.93 million person-years of follow-up, 18,442 type 2 diabetes cases were documented. Dietary n-6 PUFAs accounted for 4.4-6.8% of total energy, on average, and consisted primarily of linoleic acid (LA) (≥98%). In multivariate-adjusted models, hazard ratios (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes risk comparing extreme n-6 PUFA quintiles (highest vs. lowest) were 0.91 (0.85, 0.96) (P trend = 0.002) for total n-6 PUFAs and 0.92 (0.87, 0.98) (P trend = 0.01) for LA. In an isocaloric substitution model, diabetes risk was 14% (95% CI 5%, 21%) (P = 0.002) lower when LA isocalorically replaced saturated fats (5% of energy), 17% (95% CI 9%, 24%) (P trans fats (2% of energy), or 9% (95% CI 17%, 0.1%) (P = 0.047) lower for carbohydrates (5% of energy). Replacing n-3 PUFAs or monounsaturated fats with LA was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes risk.
Conclusions
Our study provides additional evidence that LA intake is inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, especially when replacing saturated fatty acids, trans fats, or carbohydrates.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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