Under the spotlight: mechanisms of photobiomodulation concentrating on blue and green light
Serrage H, Heiskanen V, Palin WM, Cooper PR, Milward MR, Hadis M, Hamblin MR
Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 105 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Systematic review (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People, plus animal or lab work
- Main outcome
- Mechanisms only
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Government
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Government
- NIAID NIH HHS
- Government
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Extramural Activities
- Grants
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI050875); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R21 AI121700)
Based on 4 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2019-06-03 · Photochem Photobiol Sci · vol. 18 · issue 8 · pp. 1877–1909
- Publisher
- Springer Science+Business Media
- Cited
- 170 citations · more than 98% of similar papers · 8.4× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 226 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · OTHER-OA
- Research areas
- Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine · Medical and Biological Ozone Research
- Keywords
- Blue light, Green-light, Chromophore, Light therapy, Red light, Nanotechnology, Biophysics, Chemistry, Optoelectronics, Materials science, Biology, Photochemistry, Neuroscience, Botany, Circadian rhythm
7 authors
From GB, FI, US
- Hannah J. Serrage · correspondingUniversity of Birmingham
- Vladimir HeiskanenUniversity of Helsinki
- William M. PalinUniversity of Birmingham
- Paul R. CooperUniversity of Birmingham
- Michael R. MilwardUniversity of Birmingham
- Mohammed A. HadisUniversity of Birmingham
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the application of light at wavelengths ranging from 400-1100 nm to promote tissue healing, reduce inflammation and promote analgesia. Traditionally, red and near-infra red (NIR) light have been used therapeutically, however recent studies indicate that other wavelengths within the visible spectrum could prove beneficial including blue and green light. This review aims to evaluate the literature surrounding the potential therapeutic effects of PBM with particular emphasis on the effects of blue and green light. In particular focus is on the possible primary and secondary molecular mechanisms of PBM and also evaluation of the potential effective parameters for application both in vitro and in vivo. Studies have reported that PBM affects an array of molecular targets, including chromophores such as signalling molecules containing flavins and porphyrins as well as components of the electron transport chain. However, secondary mechanisms tend to converge on pathways induced by increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Systematic evaluation of the literature indicated 72% of publications reported beneficial effects of blue light and 75% reported therapeutic effects of green light. However, of the publications evaluating the effects of green light, reporting of treatment parameters was uneven with 41% failing to report irradiance (mW cm-2) and 44% failing to report radiant exposure (J cm-2). This review highlights the potential of PBM to exert broad effects on a range of different chromophores within the body, dependent upon the wavelength of light applied. Emphasis still remains on the need to report exposure and treatment parameters, as this will enable direct comparison between different studies and hence enable the determination of the full potential of PBM.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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