Cold water immersion settings for reducing muscle tissue temperature: a linear dose-response relationship
Vromans BA, Thorpe RT, Viroux PJ, Tiemessen IJ
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness · 10 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2019-12-01 · J Sports Med Phys Fitness · vol. 59 · issue 11 · pp. 1861–1869
- Publisher
- Edizioni Minerva Medica
- Cited
- 15 citations · more than 76% of similar papers · 0.9× the field average
- References
- 32 works
- Access
- Paywalled
- Research areas
- Exercise and Physiological Responses · Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Keywords
- Immersion (mathematics), Linear relationship, Confounding, Medicine, Mathematics, Internal medicine, Statistics
- MeSH
- muscle, skeletal, humans, water, body temperature, immersion, recovery of function, sports
4 authors
From NL, GB
- Bart A VromansVrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Robin T. ThorpeManchester City Football Club; Liverpool John Moores University
- Patrick J. F. Viroux
- Ivo Tiemessen
Abstract
Background
Although cold water immersion (CWI) is widely accepted and integrated as a recovery modality in sports practice, questions regarding its proposed working mechanisms remain. This study systematically reviews the existing literature on one the proposed mechanisms of CWI, its effect on muscle tissue temperature, and subsequently tries to identify a dose-response relationship in order to describe an optimal dose.
Evidence acquisition
A systematic literature search (PubMed and Sport Discus) was conducted in October 2017. Dose-response relationships were analyzed using linear regression while controlling for possible confounders (muscle measurement depth and immersion position).
Evidence synthesis
A total of 10 studies, with a total of 104 participants, were included utilizing 26 different CWI protocols. Muscle tissue temperatures were reduced significantly by 24 CWI protocols. A significant, relationship with a medium effect size (r=0.51) was identified between muscle tissue temperature and CWI. The most optimal dose-response relationship, with a large effect size, (r=0.87) was described for CWI protocols using full-body immersion at a measurement depth of 30 mm (y = 4.051 x + 0.535).
Conclusions
CWI can decrease muscle tissue temperature significantly if a minimum CWI dose of 1.1 is applied, corresponding with an immersion of 11 minutes with a water temperature of 10 °C.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
Community trust
Loading…
How much do you trust this study's findings?
Comments
Sign in to rate, comment on or flag this study.Sign inSomething wrong here?
Flag this study if its information, labels or funding look wrong. An editor reviews every flag.
Sign in to rate, comment on or flag this study.Sign inEducational information about published research. Not medical advice, and not a recommendation to start or stop anything.