Funded in part by National Pork Board, North Carolina Pork Council, Smithfield Foods
Impact on cardiometabolic risk of a weight loss intervention with higher protein from lean red meat: Combined results of 2 randomized controlled trials in obese middle-aged and older adults
Porter Starr KN, Connelly MA, Orenduff MC, McDonald SR, Sloane R, Huffman KM, Kraus WE, Bales CW
Journal of clinical lipidology · 17 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Industry funded
- Government
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Industry group
- National Pork Board
- Industry group
- North Carolina Pork Council
- Company
- Smithfield Foods
- Government
- National Institutes of Health
- Government
- Rehabilitation Research and Development Service
- Government
- National Institute on Aging
- Government
- National Cancer Institute
- Government
- RRD VA
- Government
- NIA NIH HHS
- Government
- NCI NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Cancer Institute (T32 CA057726); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IK2RX002348); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01 RX002843); National Institute on Aging (T32-AG-000029); Rehabilitation Research and Development Service (IK2 RX002348 and I01 RX002843); National Institutes of Health (5T32 AG000029)
Based on 11 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2019-10-02 · J Clin Lipidol · vol. 13 · issue 6 · pp. 920–931
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Cited
- 26 citations · more than 68% of similar papers · 0.8× the field average
- References
- 68 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- Medicine, Weight loss, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Reference Daily Intake, Lean body mass, Obesity, Soy protein, Meal, Endocrinology, Body mass index, Body weight
- MeSH
- humans, cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, obesity, body weight, weight loss, lipoproteins, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, aged, aged, 80 and over, middle aged, female, male, diet, carbohydrate-restricted, biomarkers, red meat
8 authors
From US
- Kathryn N. Porter Starr · correspondingDuke University; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center; Durham VA Medical Center
- Margery A. ConnellyLabCorp (United States)
- Melissa C. OrenduffDuke University
- Shelley R. McDonaldDuke University; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center; Durham VA Medical Center
- Richard J SloaneDuke University; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center; Durham VA Medical Center
- Kim M. HuffmanDuke University
Abstract
Background
The recognized benefits of a higher protein diet on muscle mass and strength in older adults are tempered by concerns of the potentially negative cardiometabolic impact of dietary sources of animal protein.
Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the cardiometabolic impact of 2 weight reduction diets: a higher protein diet, providing balanced portions of lean beef and pork throughout the day, vs. a diet following the Recommended Daily Allowance level of protein in obese middle-aged and older adults.
Methods
Data from Measuring Eating, Activity and Strength: Understanding the Response-Using Protein and Protein Optimization in Women Enables Results-Using Protein were combined for the present analysis. Subjects were randomly assigned to a 6-month weight loss diet (500 kcal deficit) and prescribed a Recommended Daily Allowance level of protein (0.8 g protein/kg BW), control group, or a higher level of protein (1.2 g protein/kg BW), protein group. For the protein group, lean, high-quality protein was evenly distributed between meals or balanced throughout the day (30 g protein/meal). The following cardiometabolic markers were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: lipids, lipoproteins, GlycA, trimethylamine-N-oxide, betaine, branched-chain amino acids, and lipoprotein insulin resistance index scores.
Results
In both groups (control [n = 27] and protein [n = 53]), there were significant (P ≤ .05) changes from baseline in weight loss (-6.2% and -7.2%), distance walked (+53.1 and +75.0 meters), and fasting plasma glucose (-7.5 and -6.2 mg/dL), respectively. At endpoint, protein group had significantly (P ≤ .05) lower triglycerides (-17.3 mg/dL), large very-low-density lipoprotein particle concentration (VLDL-P; -1.2 nmol/L), total low-density lipoprotein particle concentration (LDL-P; -67.8 nmol/L), small LDL-P (-59.4 nmol/L) and lipoprotein insulin resistance index (-5.9), whereas control group had significantly (P ≤ .05) lower GlycA (-13.1 μmol/L), total VLDL-P (-7.9 nmol/L), and small VLDL-P (-7.0 nmol/L). Differences between groups were observed for small VLDL-P (P = .02) and protein intake (P < .0001).
Conclusions
These findings suggest that a hypocaloric diet with either traditional (0.8 g/kg BW/d) or higher protein (1.2 g/kg BW/d; predominantly from lean red meat) content improves risk markers of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes in obese middle-aged and older adults. Both diets were also associated with improved physical function, and neither had an adverse impact on cardiometabolic outcomes.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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