Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss and Other Metabolic Parameters in Women and Men With Overweight and Obesity: The TREAT Randomized Clinical Trial
Lowe DA, Wu N, Rohdin-Bibby L, Moore AH, Kelly N, Liu YE, Philip E, Vittinghoff E, Heymsfield SB, Olgin JE, Shepherd JA, Weiss EJ
JAMA internal medicine · 409 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Government
- National Center for Research Resources
- Government
- NIDDK NIH HHS
- Government
- NCRR NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK098722); National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR001271); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK109008)
Based on 4 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2020-09-28 · JAMA Intern Med · vol. 180 · issue 11 · p. 1491
- Publisher
- American Medical Association
- Cited
- 549 citations · more than 100% of similar papers · 30.6× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 42 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy)
- Research areas
- Dietary Effects on Health · Enhanced Recovery After Surgery · Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- Medicine, Overweight, Weight loss, Body mass index, Obesity, Randomized controlled trial, Meal, Weight change, Cohort, Internal medicine, Gerontology, Demography, Physical therapy
- MeSH
- humans, obesity, weight loss, blood glucose, body mass index, diet therapy, caloric restriction, fasting, patient compliance, adult, middle aged, female, male, young adult
12 authors
From US
- Dylan A LoweUniversity of California, San Francisco
- Nancy WuUniversity of California, San Francisco
- Linnea Rohdin-BibbyUniversity of California, San Francisco
- A. Holliston MooreUniversity of California, San Francisco; Clovis Oncology (United States)
- Nisa N. KellyUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa; University of Hawaii System; Cancer Center of Hawaii
- Yong En LiuUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa; University of Hawaii System; Cancer Center of Hawaii
Abstract
Importance
The efficacy and safety of time-restricted eating have not been explored in large randomized clinical trials.
Objective
To determine the effect of 16:8-hour time-restricted eating on weight loss and metabolic risk markers.
Interventions
Participants were randomized such that the consistent meal timing (CMT) group was instructed to eat 3 structured meals per day, and the time-restricted eating (TRE) group was instructed to eat ad libitum from 12:00 pm until 8:00 pm and completely abstain from caloric intake from 8:00 pm until 12:00 pm the following day.
Design, setting, and participants
This 12-week randomized clinical trial including men and women aged 18 to 64 years with a body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 27 to 43 was conducted on a custom mobile study application. Participants received a Bluetooth scale. Participants lived anywhere in the United States, with a subset of 50 participants living near San Francisco, California, who underwent in-person testing.
Main outcomes and measures
The primary outcome was weight loss. Secondary outcomes from the in-person cohort included changes in weight, fat mass, lean mass, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c levels, estimated energy intake, total energy expenditure, and resting energy expenditure.
Results
Overall, 116 participants (mean [SD] age, 46.5 [10.5] years; 70 [60.3%] men) were included in the study. There was a significant decrease in weight in the TRE (-0.94 kg; 95% CI, -1.68 to -0.20; P = .01), but no significant change in the CMT group (-0.68 kg; 95% CI, -1.41 to 0.05, P = .07) or between groups (-0.26 kg; 95% CI, -1.30 to 0.78; P = .63). In the in-person cohort (n = 25 TRE, n = 25 CMT), there was a significant within-group decrease in weight in the TRE group (-1.70 kg; 95% CI, -2.56 to -0.83; P < .001). There was also a significant difference in appendicular lean mass index between groups (-0.16 kg/m2; 95% CI, -0.27 to -0.05; P = .005). There were no significant changes in any of the other secondary outcomes within or between groups. There were no differences in estimated energy intake between groups.
Conclusions and relevance
Time-restricted eating, in the absence of other interventions, is not more effective in weight loss than eating throughout the day.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03393195 and NCT03637855.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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