Funded in part by California Walnut Commission, The Peanut Institution
Changes in nut consumption influence long-term weight change in US men and women
Liu X, Li Y, Guasch-Ferré M, Willett WC, Drouin-Chartier JP, Bhupathiraju SN, Tobias DK
BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 17 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Industry funded
- Industry group
- California Walnut Commission
- Government
- National Institutes of Health
- Government
- National Cancer Institute
- Government
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Government
- NCI NIH HHS
- Government
- NIDDK NIH HHS
- Industry group
- The Peanut Institution
- Grants
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K01 DK107804); National Cancer Institute (UM1 CA186107); National Cancer Institute (UM1-CA-167552); National Cancer Institute (UM1 CA176726); National Institutes of Health (UM1 CA 176726); National Institutes of Health (UM1 CA167552); National Institutes of Health (CA176726); National Institutes of Health (UM1‐CA‐186107); National Institutes of Health (CA-167552); National Institutes of Health (CA186107); National Institutes of Health (UM1 CA186107, UM1 CA176726)
Based on 7 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2019-09-23 · BMJ Nutr Prev Health · vol. 2 · issue 2 · pp. 90–99
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Cited
- 28 citations · more than 85% of similar papers · 2.1× the field average
- References
- 40 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY-NC
- Research areas
- Nuts composition and effects · Peanut Plant Research Studies · Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
- Keywords
- Nut, Medicine, Obesity, Body mass index, Demography, Weight gain, Weight change, Prospective cohort study, Consumption (sociology), Confidence interval, Multivariate analysis, Cohort study, Longitudinal study, Weight loss, Cohort, Gerontology, Animal science, Body weight, Internal medicine
7 authors
From US
- Xiaoran LiuHarvard University
- Yanping LiHarvard University
- Marta Liu Guasch-FerréBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
- Walter Churchill WillettBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
- Jean‐Philippe Drouin‐ChartierHarvard University
- Shilpa N BhupathirajuBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
Abstract
Background
Nut consumption has increased in the US but little evidence exists on the association between changes in nut consumption and weight change. We aimed to evaluate the association between changes in total consumption of nuts and intakes of different nuts (including peanuts) and long-term weight change, in three independent cohort studies.
Methods and findings
Data collected in three prospective, longitudinal cohorts among health professionals in the US were analysed. We included 27 521 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1986 to 2010), 61 680 women (Nurses' Health Study, 1986 to 2010), and 55 684 younger women (Nurses' Health Study II, 1991 to 2011) who were free of chronic disease at baseline in the analyses. We investigated the association between changes in nut consumption over 4-year intervals and concurrent weight change over 20-24 years of follow-up using multivariate linear models with an unstructured correlation matrix to account for within-individual repeated measures. 21 322 individuals attained a body mass index classification of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) at the end of follow-up.Average weight gain across the three cohorts was 0.32 kg each year. Increases in nut consumption, per 0.5 servings/day (14 g), was significantly associated with less weight gain per 4-year interval (p<0.01 for all): -0.19 kg (95% CI -0.21 to -0.17) for total consumption of nuts, -0.37 kg (95% CI -0.45 to -0.30) for walnuts, -0.36 kg (95% CI -0.40 to -0.31) for other tree nuts, and -0.15 kg (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11) for peanuts.Increasing intakes of nuts, walnuts, and other tree nuts by 0.5 servings/day was associated with a lower risk of obesity. The multivariable adjusted RR for total nuts, walnuts, and other tree nuts was 0.97 (95% CI 0.96 to 0.99, p=0.0036), 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.89, p=0.0002), and 0.89 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.91, p<0.0001), respectively. Increasing nut consumption was also associated with a lower risk of gaining ≥2 kg or ≥5 kg (RR 0.89-0.98, p<0.01 for all).In substitution analyses, substituting 0.5 servings/day of nuts for red meat, processed meat, French fries, desserts, or potato, chips (crisps) was associated with less weight gain (p<0.05 for all).Our cohorts were largely composed of Caucasian health professionals with relatively higher socioeconomic status; thus the results may not be generalisable to other populations.
Conclusion
Increasing daily consumption of nuts is associated with less long-term weight gain and a lower risk of obesity in adults. Replacing 0.5 servings/day of less healthful foods with nuts may be a simple strategy to help prevent gradual long-term weight gain and obesity.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY-NC).
Community trust
Loading…
How much do you trust this study's findings?
Comments
Sign in to rate, comment on or flag this study.Sign inSomething wrong here?
Flag this study if its information, labels or funding look wrong. An editor reviews every flag.
Sign in to rate, comment on or flag this study.Sign inEducational information about published research. Not medical advice, and not a recommendation to start or stop anything.