Are older adults with excessive sodium intake at increased risk of hypohydration?
Gamba M, Moreira P, Borges N, Santos A, Afonso C, Amaral TF, Padrão P
Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 1 citation
Review labels
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How it was studied
- Design
- Cross-sectional study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2021-01-29 · J Hum Nutr Diet · vol. 34 · issue 5 · pp. 834–840
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Cited
- 1 citation · more than 37% of similar papers · 0.1× the field average
- References
- 44 works
- Access
- Paywalled
- Research areas
- Sodium Intake and Health · Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
- Keywords
- Medicine, Excretion, Odds ratio, Sodium, Confidence interval, Logistic regression, Cross-sectional study, Confounding, Urine, Demography, Internal medicine, Environmental health, Physiology, Pathology
- MeSH
- humans, sodium chloride, dietary, sodium, dietary, odds ratio, cross-sectional studies, nutritional status, drinking, aged, female, male
7 authors
From PT
- Marta GambaUniversidade do Porto
- Pedro Augusto Maciel MoreiraUniversidade do Porto; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto
- Nuno BorgesUniversidade do Porto; Centre for Health Technology and Services Research
- Alejandro SantosUniversidade do Porto; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto
- Cláudia AfonsoUniversidade do Porto; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto
- Teresa Freitas do AmaralUniversidade do Porto
Abstract
Background
Sodium intake is expected to affect water needs, although compensation mechanisms may not work efficiently particularly in older adults. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to quantify the association between sodium excretion and hydration status in a representative sample of Portuguese older adults.
Methods
A cluster sampling approach was used, representing Portuguese older adults (≥65 years) according to sex, education level and region. From a sample size of 1500 participants, 1318 were eligible for the present analysis. A 24-h urine sample was collected, and volume, osmolality, creatinine and sodium were quantified. Free water reserve (FWR) was used to assess hydration status. Excessive sodium intake was defined as above 2000 mg day-1 as recommended by the World Health Organization. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between FWR and sodium excretion. Odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.
Results
Excessive sodium excretion was observed in 80.0% of women and 91.5% of men, whereas hypohydration affected 10.9% of women and 23.6% of men. After adjusting for confounders, excessive sodium excretion was associated with an increased risk of hypohydration among men (OR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.06-7.15).
Conclusions
These results stress the positive association between excessive sodium intake and hypohydration in men and highlight the need for implementing strategies regarding the reduction of salt consumption and the promotion of water intake.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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