Calcium to magnesium intake ratio and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development: a case-control study
Emamat H, Ghalandari H, Totmaj AS, Tangestani H, Hekmatdoost A
BMC endocrine disorders · 10 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Case-control study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- University or hospital
- Iran University of Medical Sciences
- University or hospital
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
- University or hospital
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- University or hospital
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute
- University or hospital
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- University or hospital
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
Based on 6 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2021-03-18 · BMC Endocr Disord · vol. 21 · issue 1 · p. 51
- Publisher
- BioMed Central
- Cited
- 14 citations · more than 74% of similar papers · 1.1× the field average
- References
- 59 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Magnesium in Health and Disease · Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments · Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Keywords
- Medicine, Internal medicine, Fatty liver, Quartile, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes mellitus, Insulin resistance, Chronic liver disease, Gastroenterology, Confounding, Endocrinology, Population, Disease, Cirrhosis, Confidence interval, Environmental health
- MeSH
- humans, disease progression, calcium, magnesium, diet, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, nutritional status, adult, middle aged, iran, female, male, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
5 authors
From IR
- Hadi EmamatNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Hamid GhalandariNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Ali Saneei TotmajIran University of Medical Sciences
- Hadith TangestaniBushehr University of Medical Sciences
- Azita Hekmatdoost · correspondingNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Adoption of sedentary life style and westernized diet are shown to be associated with development of NAFLD. Since previous studies suggested that calcium (Ca) to magnesium (Mg) ratio intake is associated with some chronic diseases including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, we designed this study to find any possible association between this ratio and NAFLD development.
Methods
The NAFLD was diagnosed using Fibroscan according to a CAP cut-off value of 263 dB/m. Dietary intakes of one hundred and ninety-six patients with incident NAFLD diagnosis, and eight hundred and three controls without NAFLD were assessed using a valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary nutrients were calculated using Nutritionist IV software.
Results
Age of the study population (57 % female) was 43.2 ± 14.1 years. In addition, energy-adjusted daily calcium to magnesium intake ratio was 2.34 ± 0.57 and 2.73 ± 0.69 for control and case groups, respectively. In the multivariable-adjusted model, after adjustment for potential confounding variables; including, age, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes, physical activity, energy, dietary fiber, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes, participants in the third (Q3) and fourth (Q4) quartile of Ca/Mg ratio intake had a greater development of incidental NAFLD compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) [(OR = 2.86; 95 % CI: 1.20-6.81), (P-value = 0.017) and (OR = 5.97; 95 % CI: 2.54-14.01), (P-value < 0.001) for Q3 and Q4 compared to the Q1, respectively]. Moreover, energy-adjusted Ca to Mg intake ratio was positively correlated with plasma level of ALT (r = 0.18; P = 0.01); contrarily, it had no correlation with plasma levels of AST.
Conclusions
The current study revealed that higher dietary Ca to Mg intake ratio is associated with a greater development of NAFLD. Further interventional studies are needed to confirm the causal relationship of the Ca/Mg ratio intake and development of NAFLD.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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