Caffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Lorenzo Calvo J, Fei X, Domínguez R, Pareja-Galeano H
Nutrients · 58 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2021-03-06 · Nutrients · vol. 13 · issue 3 · p. 868
- Publisher
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
- Cited
- 85 citations · more than 93% of similar papers · 2.6× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 66 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Coffee research and impacts · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet · Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Keywords
- Meta-analysis, Mood, Caffeine, Cognition, Placebo, Systematic review, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, MEDLINE, Medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Psychology, Data extraction, Clinical psychology, Physical therapy, Alternative medicine, Psychiatry, Internal medicine
- MeSH
- humans, caffeine, cognition, adult, female, male, randomized controlled trials as topic, athletic performance, athletes, performance-enhancing substances
4 authors
From ES, BR
- Jorge Lorenzo CalvoUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid
- Xueyin Fei · correspondingUniversidad Europea de Madrid
- Raúl DomínguezUniversidade Federal de Lavras; Universidad de Sevilla
- Hélios Pareja-GaleanoUniversidad Europea de Madrid
Abstract
Cognitive functions are essential in any form of exercise. Recently, interest has mounted in addressing the relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance during sports practice. This review examines this relationship through a structured search of the databases Medline/PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published in English from August 1999 to March 2020. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were defined according to the PICOS model. The identified records reported on randomized cross-over studies in which caffeine intake (as drinks, capsules, energy bars, or gum) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters on participants' training level, gender, or age. For the systematic review, 13 studies examining the impacts of caffeine on objective measures of cognitive performance or self-reported cognitive performance were selected. Five of these studies were also subjected to meta-analysis. After pooling data in the meta-analysis, the significant impacts of caffeine only emerged on attention, accuracy, and speed. The results of the 13 studies, nevertheless, suggest that the intake of a low/moderate dose of caffeine before and/or during exercise can improve self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions, such as attention; it may also improve simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, or fatigue, however, this may depend on the research protocols.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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