Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults
Forbes SC, Candow DG, Ostojic SM, Roberts MD, Chilibeck PD
Nutrients · 53 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Authors
- At least one author declares a financial tie to industry
Based on full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2021-06-02 · Nutrients · vol. 13 · issue 6 · p. 1912
- Publisher
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
- Cited
- 86 citations · more than 98% of similar papers · 5.7× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 58 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition · Nutrition and Health in Aging · Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- Creatine, Lean body mass, Placebo, Creatine Monohydrate, Ingestion, Dosing, Medicine, Internal medicine, Resistance training, Endocrinology, Body weight, Pathology
- MeSH
- muscle, skeletal, humans, creatine, aging, eating, weight lifting, dietary supplements, food, fortified, aged, muscle strength, resistance training
5 authors
From CA, RS, US
- Scott C. Forbes · correspondingBrandon University
- Darren Glenn CandowUniversity of Regina
- Sergej M. OstojićUniversity of Novi Sad
- Michael D. RobertsAuburn University
- Philip David ChilibeckUniversity of Saskatchewan
Abstract
Creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training (RT) augments gains in lean tissue mass and strength in aging adults; however, there is a large amount of heterogeneity between individual studies that may be related to creatine ingestion strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to (1) perform updated meta-analyses comparing creatine vs. placebo (independent of dosage and frequency of ingestion) during a resistance training program on measures of lean tissue mass and strength, (2) perform meta-analyses examining the effects of different creatine dosing strategies (lower: ≤5 g/day and higher: >5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase (≥20 g/day for 5-7 days), and (3) perform meta-analyses determining whether creatine supplementation only on resistance training days influences measures of lean tissue mass and strength. Overall, creatine (independent of dosing strategy) augments lean tissue mass and strength increase from RT vs. placebo. Subanalyses showed that creatine-loading followed by lower-dose creatine (≤5 g/day) increased chest press strength vs. placebo. Higher-dose creatine (>5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase, produced significant gains in leg press strength vs. placebo. However, when studies involving a creatine-loading phase were excluded from the analyses, creatine had no greater effect on chest press or leg press strength vs. placebo. Finally, creatine supplementation only on resistance training days significantly increased measures of lean tissue mass and strength vs. placebo.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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