The associations between whole grain and refined grain intakes and serum C-reactive protein
Taskinen RE, Hantunen S, Tuomainen TP, Virtanen JK
European journal of clinical nutrition · 19 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Cross-sectional study (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Mechanisms only
- Intake measured by
- Food diaries or recalls
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- University or hospital
- Itä-Suomen Yliopisto
- University or hospital
- Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala
Based on 2 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2021-08-17 · Eur J Clin Nutr · vol. 76 · issue 4 · pp. 544–550
- Publisher
- Springer Nature
- Cited
- 31 citations · more than 85% of similar papers · 1.9× the field average
- References
- 46 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Food composition and properties · Celiac Disease Research and Management · Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- Whole grains, Food science, Medicine, C-reactive protein, Environmental health, Chemistry, Internal medicine
- MeSH
- humans, c-reactive protein, diet, dietary fiber, female, male, edible grain, whole grains
4 authors
From FI
- Riikka E. TaskinenUniversity of Eastern Finland
- Sari HantunenUniversity of Eastern Finland
- Tomi‐Pekka TuomainenUniversity of Eastern Finland
- Jyrki K. Virtanen · correspondingUniversity of Eastern Finland
Abstract
Background/objectives
Epidemiological studies suggest that whole grain intake has inverse associations with low-grade inflammation, but findings regarding refined grains are inconclusive. Our objective was to investigate whether consumption of whole or refined grains is associated with serum high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP).
Subjects/methods
The study included 756 generally healthy men and women aged 53-73 years from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factory Study, examined in 1999-2001. Dietary intakes were assessed using 4-day food records. ANCOVA and linear regression were used for analyses.
Results
The mean intake of whole and refined grains was 136 g/day (SD 80) and 84 g/day (SD 46), respectively. Higher whole grain intake was associated with lower hs-CRP concentration and higher refined grain intake with higher concentration after adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors. Each 50 g/d higher whole grain intake was associated with 0.12 mg/L (95% Cl 0.02-0.21 mg/L) lower hs-CRP concentration and each 50 g/d higher refined grain intake with 0.23 mg/L (95% Cl 0.08-0.38) higher concentration. Adjustment for fibre from grains attenuated the associations especially with whole grains. There were no statistically significant interactions according to gender or BMI (P for interactions >0.065).
Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that higher intake of whole grains is associated with lower concentrations of hs-CRP and higher intake of refined grains is associated with higher concentrations. However, especially the association with whole grain intake was attenuated after adjusting for fibre intake from grains, suggesting that cereal fibre may partly explain the association.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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