The Effect of Submaximal Exercise Followed by Short-Term Cold-Water Immersion on the Inflammatory State in Healthy Recreational Athletes: A Cross-Over Study
Pawłowska M, Mila-Kierzenkowska C, Boraczyński T, Boraczyński M, Szewczyk-Golec K, Sutkowy P, Wesołowski R, Smoguła M, Woźniak A
Journal of clinical medicine · 8 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Mechanisms only
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
Based on full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2021-09-18 · J Clin Med · vol. 10 · issue 18 · p. 4239
- Publisher
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
- Cited
- 14 citations · more than 73% of similar papers · 0.8× the field average
- References
- 55 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Exercise and Physiological Responses · Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- Medicine, Interleukin 6, Athletes, Internal medicine, Competitive athletes, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Endocrinology, Physical therapy, Aerobic exercise, Inflammation
9 authors
From PL
- Marta Pawłowska · correspondingNicolaus Copernicus University; Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz
- Celestyna Mila-KierzenkowskaNicolaus Copernicus University; Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz
- Tomasz BoraczyńskiUniversity of Computer Sciences and Economics in Olsztyn
- Michał BoraczyńskiUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
- Karolina Szewczyk‐Golec · correspondingNicolaus Copernicus University; Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz
- Paweł SutkowyNicolaus Copernicus University; Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz
Abstract
Cold-water immersion (CWI) after exercise is a method used by sportsmen to improve recovery. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a 3 min CWI on the inflammatory state by measuring levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and activities of α1-antitrypsin (AAT) and lysosomal enzymes, including arylsulfatase (ASA), acid phosphatase (AcP), and cathepsin D (CTS D), in the blood of healthy recreational athletes. Male volunteers (n = 22, age 25 ± 4.8 yr) performed a 30 min submaximal aerobic exercise, followed by a 20 min rest at room temperature (RT-REST) or a 20 min rest at room temperature with an initial 3 min 8 °C water bath (CWI-REST). Blood samples were taken at baseline, immediately after exercise, and after 20 min of recovery. The IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels and the AAT activity increased significantly immediately after exercise. The IL-6 level was significantly higher after CWI-REST than after RT-REST. No changes in the activities of the lysosomal enzymes were observed. The effect of a 3 min CWI on the level of inflammatory markers during post-exercise recovery was limited. Thus, it might be considered as a widely available method of regeneration for recreational athletes.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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